World Biomes

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World Biomes

• By
• Ms. McCallums Period 8 Science Class
• 2006-2007

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ArCtIc TuNdrA
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Locations and Percentage on Earth

• Located in Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Norway,
  Russia, Asia, northern Europe and the northern
  hemispheres
• 20 of land on Earth

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Climates, Temperatures, and Precipitations

• Climates are cold, dry, swampy, soggy, and marshy
  areas
• Temperature ranges from 37degrees Fahrenheit
  54 degrees Fahrenheit
• Precipitation- less than 10in. of hail, snow,
  sleet, and rain

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Soil Conditions

• Spring topography looks white blanket of snow
• Soil conditions are soggy in summer, full of
  permafrost and soaked upper layers in winter

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Plants

• Few plant species, cotton grass, sedges, dwarf
  heath.
• Plants in the tundra biome have many adaptations
  such as being small and be able to grow close to
  ground.

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Animals

• Musk ox, caribou, reindeer, Arctic hare, snow
  shoe rabbit, wolf, Arctic fox, snowy owl, polar
  bear, brown bear, Arctic Tern, Dall sheep,
  Bighorn sheep

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Environmental Problems/Solutions

• Global warming prevents cold weather
• Solution is to stop destroying the Ozone Layer by
  polluting

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Arctic
Tundra
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Location and percentage

• The Arctic Tundra is located in Canada,
  Greenland, the Arctic, the Antarctic, and Asia.
• This Tundra is mostly located in the Northern
  Hemisphere.
• The percent of the Arctic Tundra is 20.

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Temperature

• Held at the surface or soaking the upper layer of
  soil, the winter forms ponds and bogs that
  provide moisture for plants, which helps to make
  up for the low precipitation.
• The early average temperature is -70 degrees to
  20 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Topography

• The Tundra has icy glaciers.
• Also, it has snow, sedges, grass land, and
  permafrost.
• All of those things lead up to icy cold grounds.
• The soil conditions are are covered in permafrost
  which makes the ground permanently frozen.

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Plants

• There are many types of plant vegetation in the
  Tundra. Believe it or not, there are over 1,700
  plants and over 900 kinds of flowers!
• Such as, low growing plants, mosses, lichen, and
  heaths.
• Many plants can't grow in the Tundra due to the
  ground which is permanently frozen from ten
  inches to three feet thick!

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Animals

• There are many types of animals in the Arctic
  Tundra. Such as, the sneaky arctic fox, the
  wide-eyed snowy owl, and the beautiful wolf.
• Also, there is the Dall Sheep, the wide wingspan
  falcon, Sandpipers, Snow Buntings, and the Ruddy
  Turn Stones.
• Wait!! There's more, the graceful Tundra Swan,
  the fat caribou, jackrabbits, the big musk oxen,
  and the fierce polar bear. All of the animals
  that live here must learn to adapt and do so to
  keep warm and sleep in the snow.

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Enviornmental Problems/Soulutions

• Some species of animals are endangered due to
  global warming because their habitat and shelter
  is getting ruined.
• For example, animals' homes are melting and they
  have no where to live.
• One way to stop global warming is to start using
  enviornmental products.
• Another solution is to stop using cars with heavy
  gas usage.

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Word Origin

• The word ''Tundra'' comes from the Finnish word,
  ''Tunturia'' which means Barrier Land.

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Coniferous
Forest
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Location of Coniferous Forest

• The Coniferous Forest is located near the poles
  and is far from the Equator.
• Northern Alaska
• Asia
• Europe
• Canada
• Dark brownConiferous

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Climate

• Dry summers
• Hot
• 50 F to 75 F

• Violent winters
• Wet
• -70 F

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Topography

• Acid rain makes soil unliveable for trees
• Two types of land Woodland with widely spaced
  trees, and Dense forest whose floor is generally
  in shade.

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Plants

• Siberian Spruce
• Redwoods
• Douglas Fir
• Western White
• Sugar
• Ponderosa
• Jeffrypine

• Pacific coast grows the tallest trees
• Many trees are taller than 300 ft with a diameter
  from 3 to 5 ft
• They are cone shaped and have flexible branches

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Animals

• Birds
• Bald eagle
• Blue Jay
• Spotted owl

• Rodents
• Opossums
• Squirrels
• Mice
• River Otters

• Large Mammals
• Wolves
• Mountain lions
• Bears
• Bobcat
• Lynx
• Caribou

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Environmental Problems Solutions

• Acid rain Pollution that comes from the sky in
  the form of rain.
• Hunters Hunt for both skin and meat.
• Loggers Cut down trees and endanger animals.

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Coniferous forest


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Location

• Northern parts of Alaska, Canada, Asia, and
  Europe.
• 17 percent of land is the coniferous forest.
• Covers about 50 million acres of land on the
  earth

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Climate

• A cold, harsh climate with lots of snow
• 25-75 cm of rain per year
• 65-30 F
• The summer is humid and warm.

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Soil Conditions and land

• The acid rain effects the soil condition. This
  means the soil conditions are not so great. Open
  woodlands with widely space trees and dense
  forests whose floor is generally in shade.

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Plants

• Redwood trees and Evergreens are popular in the
  coniferous forest
• Douglas fir and Western White
• Sugar and the Jeffery pine
• To prevent branch breakage do to snow load in
  winter, most evergreens are coned shaped.
• Another name for the coniferous forest is Taiga
• Also, there are spruce trees

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Animals

• Some animals are ants, arctic fox, bald eagle,
  black bear, and deer
• Wolf, earthworm, caribou, fox, and other animals
• Animals get through the winter by migration,
  camouflage, and hibernation.

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Problems/Solutions

• Some problems is the acid rain that falls from
  the sky. This effects the soil conditions. Some
  other problems are logging, hunting, and fires.
  Some solutions should be taking better care of
  the Taiga by limiting the threats.

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Coral Reef
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Coral Reefs

• Coral is endangered in many ways.
• Coral are fragile.
• Coral has algae to help them survive, have
  color, and produce food.
• Coral has soft bodies called polyps.
• Coral are only skeletons when they die.

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Locations of the Coral Reef

• Less than 1 of the ocean floor is the coral
  reefs.
• In the Pacific, Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean.
• Close to the equator.

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Climate of the Coral Reef

• 70-85ºF(21-30ºC)
• Temperate and warm

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Topography of the Coral Reef

• Flowers and colored rocks.
• Soil conditions are very good and sandy.

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Plants of the Coral Reef

• Seaweed, sea cabbage, kelp, and plankton.
• They are all small to protect themselves.

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Animals

• Zebra bull head shark is a bottom dwelling and
  has zebra-like stripes.
• Sea cows are gentle, slow swimming, and are
  mammals.
• John Dories are spiny fish and have one black
  spot.
• The Blue Ring Octopus is small, but is very
  venomous.

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Environmental Problems/Solutions

• People are dropping anchors on the Coral Reef and
  destroying them.
• One solution for the Coral Reef is banning boats
  from going over the reefs.
• Global warming makes the water too hot for the
  coral and algae to live.

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Deciduous Forest

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Locations

• North America
• South America
• Australia
• Europe
• The largest deciduous forests are located in the
  northeastern corner of North America and Europe.

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Climate

• In the Deciduous Forest, there are very cold
  winters that are usually frozen. Winters have
  little sunlight, and have short days. In January,
  the temperature may even drop as low as -10ºF.
  Also, they have very hot summers. During this hot
  time, the temperature can be as high as 81ºF
  daily! Plus, these days are long and sunny. This
  forest gets 30-60 inches of rain each year.

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Soil Conditions

• The soils are fertile with a lot of leaf litter,
  and it's dominated by broadleaf deciduous
  hardwood trees.

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Plants

• One of the trees in the Deciduous Forest, is the
  Silver Maple Tree. This forest only has hardwood
  trees with leaves such as, oak, hickory, ash, and
  beech. All of the trees grow 80-100 feet tall.
  Another tree in the Deciduous Forest is Mistle
  Toe. One of the flowers in this forest is called
  Butter Nut White, which has long white peddles.

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Animals

• Their are are a few different species, such as
  bears, deer, bobcats, raccoons, squirrels, and
  birds. If a bear sees you when it is with their
  young, they could attack and kill you.

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Environmental

• In the Deciduous Forest, one of the problems, are
  snakes. If you get bitten, and don't have the
  right materials, you are out of luck. If it is
  not poisonous, you are going to be fine. Even
  stay away from bears and mountain lions. Also,
  don't forget to dress very warm in the winter,
  because it is so cold you can freeze to death.
  Those are some of the problems that can happen in
  the Deciduous Forest.

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Behind the Scenes

• SS and AL loved doing this report on the
  Deciduous Forest! We learned so much from all of
  these web sites. There are so many facts about
  the Deciduous Forest, we couldn't even believe
  it! We hope if you do a project like this, and
  get the Deciduous Forest, we hope you love it as
  much as we did. Also, we hope you liked our
  presentation and learned alot from this!

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Deciduous
Forest
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The Locations of the Deciduous Forests

• Eastern United States
• Most of Europe
• Parts of China, Korea, Japan, Canada, and Russia

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Climate of the Deciduous Forest

• There are four seasons throughout the year
• Average rainfall is 30 to 60 inches per year
• There is a wide range of temperature.

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Topography of the Deciduous Forest

• The soil is fertile.
• The soil is full of leaves, twigs, logs, and dead
  organisms that enrich the soil.

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Types of Plants

• Types of plants are Silver Maple tree,
  Mistletoe, and Butter Nut White Flowers.
• Oak, hickory, ash, and beech grow 80-100 feet.
• Their adaptations are they lean forward to the
  sun, soak up the nutrients, and the trees shed
  their leaves.

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Animals

• There are bears, deer, bobcats, raccoons,
  squirrels, birds, and invertebrates are abundant.
• The viper is a snake and lays 4-18 eggs.
• Mammals like the bear and squirrels hibernate
  when the weather gets cold.

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Environmental Problems/Solutions

• Deciduous forests have been cut down for farms
  and buildings.
• Poachers kill animals for fur and meat.
• Now people are aware of these problems, so they
  are creating solutions.

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DESERT
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Location

• Located in Africa, Asia, North America, and
  China.
• Found close to the equator or further north.
• 1/5 or 20 of the world is desert.

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Climate

• Hot and dry throughout morning and afternoon.
• Shortages of precipitation.
• Cold at night.
• 80-120 degrees F.
• When it rains, it pours (rivers can be made in
  just minutes.)

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Topography

• Not much soil,mostly sand.
• The dryness causes it to have little nutrients.
• The land can be rocky, mountainous, flat, or
  sandy.

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Plants

• The cactus conserves water for the dry weather.
• Other plants like the Peyote have this special
  adaptation to survive harsh conditions.
• The roots of some plants jet out to catch every
  drop of rain for when it does.
• Some plants have spines to warn off thirsty
  predators.

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Animals

• Animals much like plants must be able to
  withstand bad conditions.
• Some animals eat birdseed because the birdseed
  has water in it.
• Animals like the snake and iguana use camouflage
  to hide from predators.
• Some animals that live in rocky deserts have
  special hooves to jump from rock to rock.

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Environmental Problems/ Solutions

• The land is not being preserved.
• Each year kilometers of land are turning into
  deserts because the land is being overused.
• The areas that are cleared out have to be
  preserved.
• Not all areas have to be cleared.

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Location of Tropical Rain Forests around the
WORLD!

• The Tropical Rain forest is located in South
  America and Africa
• 6 of the earth has Tropical rain forests
• They are located near the equator

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The climate of the Rain Forest

• 95-100º F in the summer
• 70-80º F in the winter
• 20-30 inches of rain a month all year long

IT IS REALLY WARM!!!! AND WET!!!
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Topography

• The rain forest is covered in trees and plants.
• The rain forest is VERY wet!!
• The soil is very rich and has many plants and
  trees

There are plants EVERYWHERE!!
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PLANTS

• There are bambusa tulda, bangle bamboo,
  bougainvillea, cucare, coconut trees, durian,
  jambu, kapok trees, mangrove forests, strangler
  figs, tualong, and many more plants.

Pitcher plants have leaves like a jug or pitcher
with a lid  ?and sugary nectar around the rim to
attract and catch insects
(left) Strangler fig adapts by strangling the
tree and overcomes the tree.
Bougainvillea are beautiful flowers and grow
super tall!!At least 5 ft!!!
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CREATURES OF THE RAIN FORESTS

• Some of the animals are............
• Agouti, alligators, amphibians, anacondas, ants,
  apes, assassin bug, aye-aye, busilisk, bat,
  bintrorong, birds, butterflies, blue tongued
  sking, cockatoo, d-hole, fossa, gibbon, harpy
  eagle, the komodo dragon, and many other cool
  animals!!

King Cobra
Komodo dragons eat each other (left) common palm
civet (right)
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ENVIRORMENTAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

• PROBLEM
• 1.Too much pollution
• 2. People are chopping down the rain forest

• SOLUTION
• 1. People are not littering and try to keep the
  rain forests clean
• 2. People are not cutting as many trees

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Layers of the Rain Forest
EMERGENT LAYER?The tallest trees are the
emergents, towering as much as 200 feet above the
forest floor with trunks that measure up to 16
feet around.   Most of these trees are
broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. Sunlight is
plentiful up here. It is hot, but not humid and
very windy at times.  The trees have mushroom
shaped crowns. Animals found are eagles, monkeys,
bats and butterflies
CANOPY LAYER?This is the primary layer of the
forest and forms a roof over the two remaining
layers because the trees are so close together.
Most canopy trees have smooth, oval leaves that
come to a point. It's a maze of leaves and
branches. Most of the trees are also covered by
other plants called epiphytes. 90 of the animals
live in this layer. Many animals live in this
area since food is abundant. Those animals
include snakes, toucans and tree frogs. Some of
these animals never go down to the forest floor.
UNDERSTORY LAYER?Little sunshine reaches this
area so the plants have to grow larger leaves to
reach the sunlight. The plants in this area
seldom grow to 12 feet. Many animals live here
including jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs and
leopards. There is a large amount of insects here.
FOREST FLOOR?It's very dark down here. Almost no
plants grow in this area, as a result. Since
hardly any sun reaches the forest floor things
begin to decay quickly. A leaf that might take
one year to decompose in a regular climate will
disappear in 6 weeks. Giant anteaters live in
this layer.
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The Savanna
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Where is the Savanna

• Mostly between deserts and rainforests
• In the Southern Hemisphere
• Africa, South America, Southern Asia, Cuba, the
  tropics, Madagascar, and India

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The Savanna's Climate

• Temperature ranges from 17.9º C to 22.4º C
• Precipitation 30 to 40 in. per year, monsoon
  torrential rains, drought to seasonal heavy
  rainfall

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The Land and Soil of the Savanna

• ''treeless plain few trees and shrubs are widely
  scattered
• Not too good, fertile soil gets washed away from
  heavy rain

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Plants of the Savanna

• Trees are 10 feet tall Palm, Acacias, and fruit
  trees
• Small shrubs dot the grassland
• Plants adapt by deep roots, thorns for
  protection, live in clumps, leaves shed off of
  trees, turn brown and stop growing

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Animals of the Savanna

• The cheetah, fast, spots, in the cat family
• The antelope large straight horns, travel in
  herds
• The lion, king cat of the Savanna, sleeps during
  the day
• The giraffe, tall, able to take down a lion

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Environmental Problems

• Solutionsbuild sewage drains, take away bodies
  of dead animals, and stop global warming

• Problems lots of diseases, wildfires, and global
  warming threatens animal's habitat and water
  supply, thus turning into deserts because of the
  loss of water

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Sea Shore
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Seashore Locations

• 75 of land (three-fourths) on the earth is the
  seashore
• Seashores are located all along the edges of the
  continents

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Climate of the Seashore

• Climate at the seashore is dependent upon the
  location.
• The location of the water changes the water
  temperature
• The water near the poles is cold and frozen, the
  water near the equator is warm and tropical

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Topography

• Mariner regions cover about three-fourths of the
  Earth's surface
• They include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries
• Marine algae provides most of the world's oxygen
• The evaporation of the sea water provides rain
  water for the land

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Plants

• Coral weed, sea weed, kelp, algae,
• Algae fights global warming by taking out carbon
  dioxide

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Animals

• Tropical fish, rock fish, sea turtle, humpback
  whale, moray eel, crabs, lobsters, shrimp, sea
  anemones, dolphins, manatees, star fish, and
  jelly fish.
• Many animals have sleek bodies to glide through
  the water, gills to breath under water, and sharp
  teeth to eat their prey, and fins to maneuver.

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Environmental problems/solutions

• Oil spills and water pollution are a big problem
  in the seashore
• Companies are starting to change the way they get
  rid of their garbage by using earth friendly
  products
• Also, they are recycling more

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Temperate
Grassland
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Grasslands Around the World!

• Located in North America and South America
• Continents are Africa, Asia, and Australia
• About 25 of land is covered in grassland

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Climates of the Temperate Grasslands!!

• Summer can reach 100ºF
• Winter can reach to 32ºF
• There are 8.40 inches of rainfall per year.
• There are droughts then an abundance of rain

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Grasslands looks

• Has trees
• lots of animals
• flowers
• Spiky long and short grasses

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Plants or wildlife in the Temperate Grassland!

• Herbs, sage brush,milk weeds, warn wood
• Beautiful flowers perennials, blazing stards,
• Many trees palm trees, and golden rods
• Different bushes Arctic sage bush, asters,and
  sage wort,sweet corn bush

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Grassland's wild animals!

• Meat eaters coyotes, steppe fox, badger, weasels
• Herbivores bison, ground squirrels, llamas,
  giraffeade giraffe family, elephants
• Rodents kangaroo rat, rabbits, rats, and gophers

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Environmental Problems and Solutions

• Many wildfires
• Houses are built
• Some animal and human babies might be born with
  birth defects

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• Bibliography
• Biome Info- http//ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/index1.
  html
• Habitats/Biomes- http//www.allaboutnature.com/bio
  mes/
• World Biomes- http//www.blueplanetbiomes.org/worl
  d_biomes.htm
• The World Biomes- http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exh
  ibits/biomes/index.php
• Biome Photos- http//geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoIma
  ges/Johnson/Biomes01.html
• Whats It Like Where You Live?-
  http//www.mbgnet.net/