Standards in Telecommunications

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Standards in Telecommunications

• Origin of standards
• Standard setting bodies
• Governments
• Rationale
• Market-driven and voluntary
• Government-regulated and mandatory

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Advantages

• Assures a large market, encourages mass
  production, lowers costs
• Encourages vendors to enter market because
  investment is protected
• Allows products from multiple vendors to
  communicate, providing consumers with wider
  selection

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Disadvantages

• Standards process can freeze technology too
  early, due to the length of the standards-setting
  process and the speed with which technology
  changes
• Current process allows for multiple standards for
  the same thing

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Standards Organizations

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  (IEEE)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
  (NIST)
• Industry Associations
• Intl Telecommunications Union (ITU)
• ISO (International Standards Organization)
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• RFC?Internet Standard

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE)

• the largest professional society in the world
• develops standards in the area of electrical
  engineering and computing
• publishes scores of journals and runs numerous
  conferences each year
• e.g. IEEE 802.x network standards

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American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

• non-govt and nonprofit organization
• members are U.S. manufacturers and other interest
  groups
• sets a variety of a standards, not just
  computer-related
• ANSI proposals are usually approved by ISO as
  international standards
• e.g. 802.x, created by IEEE, approved by ANSI,
  passed on and approved by ISO

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National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST)

• formerly known as the National Bureau of
  Standards (NBS)
• an agency of the U.S. Dept.. of Commerce
• issues standards that are mandatory for purchases
  made by the U.S. Government except the Department
  of Defense

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Industry Associations

• Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
• Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA)
• e.g. EIA-232 (formerly RS-232-C)

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Industry Associations

• Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
• Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA)
• e.g. EIA-232 (formerly RS-232-C)

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ISO (International Standards Organization)

• a member of ITU-T
• founded in 1946
• issues standards on a vast number of subjects,
  ranging from nuts and bolts to telephone pole
  coatings
• has almost 200 Technical Committees

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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

• Part of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
• IETF proposes and published Internet RFCs
• IAB determines which RFCs become standards, based
  on IETF recommendations

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RFC?Internet Standard

• Stable and well-understood
• Technically competent
• Numerous independent and interoperable
  implementations in operation
• Significant public support
• Recognizably useful
• Differs from other standards processes because of
  the emphasis on operational experience