The Rise of Islam

1
The Rise of Islam

• JAT, Chapter 11, Section 1
• Pgs. 372-378

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The Arabian Peninsula

• Where is it?
• Present day Saudi Arabia (Middle East),
  surrounded by water (pg. 374)
• What is the environment like?
• Hot, dry, barren, desert w/ oases

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The Bedouins

• Who are they?
• Nomads w/ no permanent home
• Herders who travel from one oasis to next looking
  for grazing water for animals (pg. 373)
• How did they live?
• Tents
• Dried fruit nuts milk, little meat
• Animals too valuable for transportation drink

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Tribal Life

• Why join a tribe?
• Survival, protection
• Leader Sheikh
• Beliefs Polytheistic
• Kaaba cube (7 times kiss)
• Allah
• Most important of the gods, the creator

6
City Life

• Where were cities and villages located?
• Trade routes oases
• Who lived there?
• Merchants, farmers
• Most important part of city / village
• Bazaar - marketplace
• Most famous city Makkah (Mecca)

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Trade Travel

• Caravans
• Definition Groups of traveling merchants
  w/animals
• Why join a caravan?
• Protection (especially from Bedouins)
• Method of travel
• Mostly camels, some horses

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Muhammad Islams Prophet

• Lived A.D. 570-632
• Why is he important?
• Founder of Islam, messenger of God for the Muslim
  people
• Childhood
• Orphan raised by uncle marries wealthy woman
  became successful merchant/trader
• Became dissatisfied with life
• Went to hills to pray
• Called by Allah
• 610 AD Visited by Angel Gabriel in the hills
• Told You are the messenger of God.

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What is Islam?

• Islam means surrendering to the will of Allah
• Beliefs
• Only one God
• Destroy false idols
• All people equal
• Rich share with poor
• Allah rewards good and punishes evil, wealth is
  less important than living good life.

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Opposition to Islam

• Who did not like Muhammads message?
• Wealthy merchants
• Religious leaders
• Why?
• Threatened their power and wealth
• How did they try to get rid of him?
• Tortured him followers

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The Hijrah

• A.D. 622 Muhammad and followers leave Makkah
  and flee north to Yathrib
• Yathrib is renamed Madinah city of the
  prophet
• Hijrah breaking off relationships
• Muslims made A.D. 622 first year of new Muslim
  calendar
• http//www.rabiah.com/convert/

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Muhammads Government

• Where was it?
• Madinah
• Created an Islamic State
• Gov. uses political power to uphold Islam
• Must be loyal to state over all (tribe, etc.)
• Followers Muslims
• One who submits to God.

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Expansion of Islam

• Muhammad created an army
• Army victories
• Conquered Makkah in A.D. 630
• Kaaba becomes mosque
• Spread Islam throughout Arabia

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Islamic Beliefs

• Main beliefs
• Similar to Judaism Christianity- one God
• Prophets Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad (final
  not divine)
• God determines right wrong
• Believe in an afterlife
• The Quran Holy Book of Islam recitation
• Messages from Allah to Muhammad
• Gods written word
• Completes the Old and New Testament
• Lifes instruction book for Muslims- rules
  about eating, marriage, divorce, property,
  business
• Prohibits murder, lying, gambling, stealing,
  eating pork, and drinking liquor.

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Quran
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Islamic Beliefs (contd)

• Sunna Law Code
• Customs observed by orthodox Muslims, based on
  Muhammads teachings the guiding rules of Islam
• Applies to family life, business, and government
• The 5 Pillars of Islam (Acts of Worship)
• Belief/Profession of Faith Shahadah
• Prayer Salah
• Charity Zakat
• Fasting Sawm
• Pilgrimage Hajj

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Death of Muhammad

• A.D. 632
• Became ill and suffered for several days with
  head pain and weakness.
• Died Monday, June 8, 632, in the city of Madinah.
  
• Buried in a tomb that today is in the Mosque of
  the Prophet in Madinah.

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Mosque of the Prophet
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Family Life of Muhammad

• Married Khadijah
• Twice-widowed woman
• Successful merchant who employed Muhammad to
  oversee trade routes
• Muhammad 25 yrs old
• Khadijah 39 yrs old
• Married 11 other women
• Mostly widows
• Uses marriage to strengthen political ties
• Had 3 sons, 4 daughters
• Sharifs (sayyid)

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Muslim Mosques in the World

• Holiest mosque in the world
• Masjid al-Haram The Sacred Mosque (Makkah,
  surrounds Kaaba)
• Second holiest mosque
• Al-Masjid al-Nabawi Mosque of the Prophet
  (Madinah)
• Third holiest mosque
• Al-Aqsa The Farthest Mosque (Jerusalem)

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Masjid al-Haram Mosque
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Al-Aqsa Mosque