The Bourbon Reforms

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The Bourbon Reforms

• And the Strains of Empire

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Late Colonial Mexico

• Population and Demographics
• Premodern vs. modern social structure
• The importance of race and class
• The Growth of an American Identity
• Conciencia de sí
• Culture and Symbols (Religious Syncretism)
• The Peninsula Views New Spain
• Criollos View Themselves

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The Enlightenment and Mexico

• Growth of Newspapers/Periodical Literature
• Censorship?
• Public Discourse
• The Tertulia
• Other Spaces
• The University of Salamanca Reforms, 1771
• Uses of the Past
• The Cosmic Race
• An Unwritten Constitution for the New World?

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The Bourbon Reforms

• Felipe V and the Spanish Bourbons
• Goals of the Reforms
• Centralize Spanish Government
• Restore Finances
• Reorganize the Military
• Ramifications for New Spain
• The Influence of Mercantilism
• King of Spain and Emperor of America
• The Bourbons Conception of the State

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Restructuring New Spain

• Fighting American Autonomy
• How New Spain Became Autonomous
• Creoles in Office
• Reducing the Power and Autonomy of Regional
  Elites
• Bourbon Absolutism
• The Visita General of José de Gálvez (1765-1771)
• Creole Reactions

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Colonial Reform and Colonial Backlash

• New Taxes and Violent Protest
• Gálvez Becomes Minister of the Indies, 1776
• The Intendants and Subdelegados
• Curbing the Power of the Church
• Expulsion of the Jesuits, 1767
• The Effects in New Spain
• The Erosion of Religious Fueros
• The Rise of the Military
• Creole Involvement and Its Importance

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Bourbon Economic Commercial Policy

• Comercio libre y protegido (free trade and
  protected trade)
• Abolition of the Cadíz monopoly, b. 1765
• Outside the System Trade with Foreign Powers
• Economic Effects and an Incomplete Legacy
• Raising Revenues to the Proper Level
• Massive Tax Increases and Colonial Backlash
• The Context of European Warfare
• The Consolidation of 1804
• Church, Credit, and the Colonial Economy
• Creole vs. Peninsular