Presentacin de PowerPoint

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Contribution to 8th Annual CMAS Conference
Friday Center, UNC-Chapel Hill OCTOBER, 19-21,
2009, Friday Center for Continuing Education,
100 Friday Center Dr Chapel Hill, NC 27517,
United States
Simulations with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM models of
a High elevated PM10 and PM2.5 episode in
Germany during Winter, 2003 R. San José1, J. L.
Pérez1, J.L. Morant1 and R.M. González2 1Environm
ental Software and Modelling Group Computer
Science School Technical University of Madrid
(UPM) Campus de Montegancedo 28660 Madrid
(Spain) http//artico.lma.fi.upm.es 2Department
of Meteorology, Complutense University of Madrid
(UCM)
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DOMAINS

• PROJECTION Lambert Conformal Conic
• Central Latitude 50.0N Central
  Longitude 10.0E
• METEOROLOGICAL DOMAIN
• - MOTHER DOMAIN 6060 90 Km. RESOLUTION 23
  VERTICAL LEVELS
• NESTING DOMAIN 6161 30 Km. RESOLUTION 23
  VERTICAL LEVELS
• SIGMA VERTICAL LEVELS
• 1.00,0.99,0.98,0.96,0.93,0.89,0.85,0.80,0.75,0.7
  0,0.65,0.60,
• 0.55,0.50,0.45,0.40,0.35,0.30,0.25,0.20,0.15,0.1
  0,0.05,0.00
• LANDUSE DATA USGS 24 CATEGORIES
• CHEMICAL DOMAIN
• - MOTHER DOMAIN 5353 90 Km. RESOLUTION 23
  VERTICAL LEVELS
• Lower-Left Corner LCC (-2385000, -2385000)
• - NESTING DOMAIN 5454 30 Km. RESOLUTION 23
  VERTICAL LEVELS Lower-Left Corner LCC (-765000,
  -765000)

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DOMAINS
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GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA

• NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data (NNRP-DS090)
• Global Reanalysis Model is T62 (209 km)
• - 28 vertical sigma levels.
• Data is available at 6 hour intervals
• Ptop 10000 Pa.
• Boundary Conditions every 6 hours.
• Grid Nudging at mother domain (90Km)
• two-way nesting (90-30 Km)

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MM5 CONFIGURATION

• Physics Options in MM5
• Cumulus Parameterization
• Kain-Fritsch 2
• PBL Scheme and Diffusion
• MRF PBL
• Explicit Moisture Scheme
• Schultz microphysics
• Radiation Scheme
• Cloud-radiation
• Surface Scheme
• Noah Land-Surface Model

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

• MM5 PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model. Version 3-7
  (December 23 2004)
• MCIP Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor
  Version 3.3 (August 2007)
• CMAQ Community Multi-scale Air Quality Version
  4.6 (Octuber 2006)
• Magerit clúster
• 1200 node (2400 processors) eServer BladeCenter
  JS20
• Power PC 2'2 GHz and 4 Gb de RAM
• Myrinet network
• IBM XL Fortran10.1

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BOUNDARY INITIAL CHEMICAL CONDITIONS

• Mother domain boundary conditions profile
  (fixed)
• Mother domain initial conditions (0 hours) from
  air clean profile .
• Nesting domain boundary conditions from mother
  domain
• Nesting domain initial conditions (0 hours) from
  air clean profile.

Air clean profile example 6 LAYERS 1.00
0.98 0.93 0.84 0.60 0.30 0.00
POLLUTANT (PPm)
"SO2
" 0.300E-03 0.200E-03 0.100E-03 0.100E-03
0.200E-04 0.100E-04 "SULF " 1.000E-30
1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30
1.000E-30 "NO2 " 0.167E-03 0.167E-03
0.084E-03 0.000E00 0.000E00 0.000E00 "NO
" 0.083E-03 0.083E-03 0.042E-03 0.000E00
0.000E00 0.000E00 "O3 " 0.350E-01
0.350E-01 0.400E-01 0.500E-01 0.600E-01
0.700E-01 "HNO3 " 0.500E-04 0.500E-04
0.500E-04 0.500E-04 0.700E-04 0.100E-03 "H2O2
" 0.100E-02 0.100E-02 0.150E-02 0.100E-02
0.800E-03 0.200E-03 "ALD " 0.300E-04
0.350E-04 0.300E-04 0.200E-04 0.200E-04
0.100E-04 "HCHO " 0.250E-03 0.250E-03
0.250E-03 0.200E-03 0.100E-03 0.500E-04 "OP1
" 0.250E-06 0.250E-06 0.250E-06 0.200E-06
0.100E-06 0.500E-07 "OP2 " 0.300E-07
0.350E-07 0.300E-07 0.200E-07 0.200E-07
0.100E-07 "PAA " 0.300E-04 0.300E-04
0.300E-04 0.250E-04 0.200E-04 0.150E-04
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CMAQ-CCTM SETUP

• Advection scheme global mass-conserving scheme
  (Yamartino )
• Vertical Difussion Asymmetric Convective Model
  (ACM2)
• CB05 chemical mechanism (Yarwood et al. 2005).
• Euler Backward Solver (EBI) solver
• CMAQ Aerosol The 3rd generation modal CMAQ
  aerosol model
• DEPOSITION MODEL Models-3 / Pleim (MCIP)
• Aqueous/cloud chemistry ON.
• KZMINTRUE (in TERRAIN IEXTRATRUE extra data
  land use -)

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CASE 1 KZMIN
KZ Vertical diffusivity coefficient
(m2/s) KZMIN FALSE ? MINIMUN KZ 1 m2/s KZMIN
TRUE ? MINIMUN KZ KZL (KZU- KZL)
UFRAC KZL LOWEST KZ 0.5 m2/s KZU HIGHEST
KZ 2.0 m2/s UFRAC URBAN PERCENTAGE
NORMALIZED TO 1
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EMISSION DATA

• TNO-UBA Emission Data
• SNAP Activities
• 1Energy sector, utilities, refinaries
• 2Fossil fuels, small sources
• 3Fossil fuels, industry
• 4Process emissions
• 5Mining
• 6Solvent use, use of products
• 7Road transport (SO2 only)
• 71Road transport gasoline 72Road transport
  diesel 73Road transport LPG
• 741)Road transport non-exhaust (volatilization)
• 752)Road transport non-exhaust (tire, break and
  road wear)
• 8Non-road transport
• 9Waste processing1
• 10Agriculture
• Geographic coordinates.
• Cell Size is 1/4 degree (Y) by 1/8 degree (X)
  (aprox. 15 km)
• Pollutans CH4, CO, NH3, NMVOC, NOx, SO2, PM10,
  PM2.5

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EMISSION DATA

• Mother Domain include EDGAR (Emission Database
  for Global Atmospheric Research)
• Geographic coordinates.
• Cell Size is 1 degree by 1 degree
• Pollutans CO, NMVOC, NOx, SO2

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EMISSION DATA

• Geographic coordinates TO Lamber Conformal Conic
  CMAQ grid
• EMEP interpolation routine updated by UPM.
  (geog gtgtgt lambert) (original polar gtgtgt geog km
  (50))
• Time distribution of EURODELTA
• VOC SPLITING
• SPECIATE Version 4.0 (EPA, US) (January 18,
  2007)
• . 1594 compounds
• . VOC-to-TOG Conversion Factors
• Lumping VOC
• . EMITDB Carter (Development of an Improved
  Chemical
• Speciation Database for Processing Emissions
  of Volatile
• Organic Compounds for Air Quality Models )
• Data Base gtgtgtgtgt Excel file

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CMAQ EMISSION TIME DISTRIBUTION
EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES Albania, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia ?
Bulgaria Turkey ? Hungary Belarus, Ukraine,
Moldova, Russian ? Romania Germany ? Federal
Republic Germany MONTHLY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES Czech Republic ? Slovakia
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EMISSION VOC SPLITING (EMIMO gtgtgtgt CMAQ)
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VOC SPLITING (EMIMO gtgtgtgt CMAQ)
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VOC SPLITING (EMIMO gtgtgtgt WRF/CHEM)
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BIOGENIC DUST EMISSION DATA BIOEMI-UPM (EMIMO
gtgtgtgt CMAQ)

• Biogenic Outputs Isoprene, biogenic NOX and
  biogenic VOC
• - Biogenic Inputs Land uses USGS 24 categories
• Temperature On-Line (MM5 Output)

• Dust Outputs PM
• Dust Inputs Land uses Land uses USGS 24
  categories to 5 categories
• Wind Speed 10 m On-Line (MM5 Output)
• Rain / Snow (No Dust) On-Line (MM5
  Output)

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BIOGENIC DUST EMISSION DATA BIOEMI-UPM
Environ, 1998
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WRF-CHEM DOMAIN
90 KM
30 KM
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From Grell et al. (2007)
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WRF/Chem CONFIGURATION

• Cumulus Parameterization
• GRELL-DEVENYI ENSEMBLE SCHEME
• PBL Scheme and Diffusion
• YONSEI UNIVERSITY (YSU PBL)
• Explicit Moisture Scheme
• LIN et al.SCHEME microphysics VERSION 1
• WSM (WRF single-moment ) 5-class microphysics
  VERSION2
• Radiation Scheme
• RRTM Goddard radiation VERSION 1
• RRTM - Dudhia radiation VERSION 2
• Surface Scheme
• Noah Land-Surface Model
• Cloud Chemistry
• ON VERSION 1 OFF VERSION 2
• Photolisis FTUV Version 1 FAST-J Version 2
• Biogenic model Gunther scheme
• Chemistry CBMZMOSAIC (4 sectional aerosol bin)

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Time profiles
DAILY FACTORS (MISSING COUNTRIES) Albania,
Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia ? Bulgaria Turkey ?
Hungary Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russian ?
Romania Germany ? Federal Republic
Germany MONTHLY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES Czech Republic ? Slovakia VOC TO TOC
FACTOR 3.2 CLOUD CHEMISTRY ON AND OFF
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MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO
15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME
EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS.
PM10 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO
15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME
EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS.
PM2.5 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO
15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME
EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS.
EC DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES KZMINTRUE
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EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES KZMINTRUE
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EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING
COUNTRIES KZMINTRUE
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KZMIN TRUE
KZMIN FALSE
PM10
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KZMIN TRUE
KZMIN FALSE
PM25
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EC
KZMIN TRUE
KZMIN FALSE
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DAILY EMISSION FACTOR OK
NO DAILY EMISSION FACTOR
PM10
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WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global
gtgtgt30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM
EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES.
PM10 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global
gtgtgt30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM
EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES.
PM2.5 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global
gtgtgt30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM
EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR
EMISS.
EC DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES
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MM5-CMAQ STATISTICAL RESULTS
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WRF/CHEM STATISTICAL RESULTS
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MM5-CMAQ WRF-CHEM
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CASE 2
MM5-CMAQ
O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125
EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS (COST602)
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CASE 2
WRF/Chem (VOC TO TOC 1.14)
O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125
EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS
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CASE 2
WRF/Chem (VOC TO TOC 1.6)
O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125
EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS
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CASE 2 MM5-CMAQ
KZMIN TRUE
KZMINFALSE - KZMINTRUE
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CASE 1 CPU TIMES
WRF-CHEM 90 918 minutes WRF-CHEM 30 1490
minutes MM5_90_30 136 minutes CMAQ 90 553
minutes CMAQ 30 652 minutes
TOTAL CPU TIME MM5-CMAQ gtgtgtgtgtgt 1341
MINUTES TOTAL CPU TIME WRF-CHEM gtgtgtgtgtgt 2408
MINUTES
MAGERIT SUPERCOMPUTER 32 PROCESSORS, Power PC,
2'2 GHz and 4 Gb de RAM
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CONCLUSIONS

• KZMIN AND EMISSION TIME PROFILES HAVE IMPROVED
  SUBSTANTIALLY THE
• RESULTS
• THE NEW VONFIGURATION OF WRF/CHEM HAS IMPROVED
  SUBSTANTIALLY THE
• CONCENTRATION RESULTS
• WRF/CHEM IS BETTER THAN MM5-CMAQ FOR PM10 AND
  PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS
• MM5-CMAQ IS BETTER THAN WRF/CHEM FOR OZONE
  CONCENTRATIONS
• MM5-CMAQ IS HARDLY REPRODUCING THE HIGHEST PM10
  AND PM2.5 PEAKS
• (FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 2003)
• WRF/CHEM IS MUCH MORE SENSITIVE THAN MM5-CMAQ
  AND CAPTURE THE
• HIGHEST PEAKS (FEBRUARY AND MARCH) MUCH BETTER
  THAN MM5-CMAQ

Acknowledgements COST728 EU PROGRAMME