eNavigation

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eNavigation - The Role of Communications
RADM Ed Gilbert (USCG, ret.) Gilbert Assoc.,
Arlington, VA Bob Markle RTCM, Arlington, VA
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• International non-profit scientific and
  professional membership organization.
• RTCM has over 120 member organizations,
  including
• Manufacturers
• Government agencies
• Associations
• Ship owners and operators
• Educational institutions
• Sales and service providers
• Special Committees develop reports and standards
  for maritime radiocommunication and electronic
  navigation systems.
• 10 active Special Committees maintain 13 current
  standards
• Several new standards and reports under
  development

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• RTCM supports development of international
  standards
• International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• International Hydrographic Office (IHO)
• International Association of Marine Aids to
  Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)

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E-Navigation is the harmonized collection,
integration, exchange, presentation and analysis
of maritime information onboard and ashore by
electronic means to enhance berth to berth
navigation and related services, for safety and
security at sea and protection of the marine
environment. International Maritime
Organization (IMO) definition based on proposal
by International Association of Aids to
Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
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• Thesis Communication is the key to eNavigation
• Communications Alternatives RTCM Initiatives

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Processor
Human-Machine Interface
Transmitter
Software
Sensor
Database
Control
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• Broad overview of communications, eNav and what
  the RTCM is doing
• Development and satisfaction of requirements
• Terrestrial and satellite alternatives

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• ITU World Radio Conference 2012
• Revising Appendix 17 of the Radio Regulations to
  support digital data on HF frequencies

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• Digital data on VHF voice channels
• RTCM Standard 12301.1
• Carrier Sense TDMA Like Class B AIS
• 150 msec max transmission duration
• Successive transmissions NLT 1 sec apart
• Two future options
• AIS-like 9.6 kbps
• DQPSK 28.8 kbps D8-PSK 43.2 kbps

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• In cooperation with U.S. Coast Guard -
• Meteo/Hydro using NOAA PORTS data
• Area Messages
• Waterway Information

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• Two fundamental types
• Geosynchronousabout 23,000 miles above equator
• Circle earth once per day as earth rotates under
  it
• Coverage about 1/3 of earth in longitude and to
  about 70 degrees north and south latitude
• Spot beams possible
• Transmission delays
• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
• Typically few hundreds miles above earth
• Less transmission delays
• Smaller cover areas that move with satellite
• Onboard storage or bent pipe

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• Higher altitude ? Longer Time to Orbit
• Shuttle and low earth orbit (LEO)satellites
  orbits at a few hundred miles ?
• Short orbits (90 minutes)Iridium, ORBCOMM, etc.
• Moon orbits at 240,000 miles ?
• Long orbits (28 days)
• Geostationary satellite orbits at 23,000 miles ?
  Orbit 24 hours
• - They appear to not move

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• Focus energy on earth and at satellite
• Allows
• Frequency reuse with one or more beam separation
• Much lower power
• Require
• Good satellite stabilization
• Beam forming capability
• Wired into satellite antenna
• Electronically from earth station

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Source SkyTerra - Next Generation System
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• Inmarsat
• Geo11 satellites in orbit-world coverage to 70
  degrees
• Only GMDSS approved system
• SafetyNet system for MSI
• Evolution toward spot beams and higher data
  ratesSpot beamsI-3 I-4 satellites have
• Q2 revenue of508 M maritime, land mobile and
  aero servicesI-4 satellites expected to serve
  until 2020
• Extensive evolutionary programs

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• LEO example66 satellites in orbitglobal
  coverage including Polar Regions
• User communications to and from satellitethence
  satellite relays to other satellites then to
  earth stations
• Announced plans to apply for GMDSS
• LRIT providerAntarctic Cruise Association
  requires hourly reports via Iridium
• Merged with GHL Acquisition Corp now Iridium
  Communication, Inc.
• NASDAQ--IRDM

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• LEO Examplebent pipe-coverage over North
  Atlantic-not complete worldwide
• Bent pipe means no storage on satellite
  satellite must see its ground station and user
• Completed 738 M financing package for 2nd
  generation
• SPOT emergency notification and location system
• RTCM Special Committee 128

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• LEO data onlyVHFStore and Forward500K
  subscribers
• USCG contract for satellite reception of AIS
  added 5 more as commercial venture
• Announced second generation launch of 18
  satellitesmore capable--including AIS
  receptionscheduled to start 2010

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• ORBCOMM only existing provider
• Receives AIS 12
• Information security
• Concern with terrestrial systems
• Issues and opportunities
• Third AIS frequency needed
• Several administrations (EU, Canada/India) plan
  systems
• Existing terrestrial web site access
• Satellite tracking increases concern
• ORBCOMM releases only to authorized users
• IMO interventionsfew if any solutions
• Amount of data purchases uncertain

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• Third (satellite only) frequencymany reasons for
  need
• AIS messages not optimized for satellite
  reception
• Equipment specifications require coverage of
  154-162 MHz range
• AIS 1 2 are not exclusively maritimeinterference
  
• Only 4 frequencies are exclusively
  maritimechannels 16 70distress and safety
• 2 guard bands around channel 16
• IMO and ITU considering needs and issues
• Expect to be considered by World radio
  Conference (WRC) 2012
• If no resolution next conference about 2017
• No assurance of interference free environment
  even on 4 exclusive maritime frequencies

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• ORBCOMM uses VHF
• Others discussed here are in 1530 MHz to 2500 MHZ
  areas good for satellite comms
• Reasonable antenna sizes, stabilization and
  pointing
• Limited atmospheric interference
• Reasonable but not unlimited amounts of spectrum

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• Very Small Aperture (VSAT) systems in use,
  especially for larger ships
• Higher data rates, lower costs require more
  capable tracking systems for antennas
• K-U Band systems becoming more widely used
  considerably more spectrum
• Higher data rates, generally lower costs
• More susceptible to rain and atmospheric
  interference

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• E-Nav requirements need to evolve and be
  clarifiedshould expect to in time
• Higher data rates systems are normal progression
  of user needs and from providers
• Web access is normal progression
• Satellites and terrestrial systems are evolving
  toward more capability
• Satellite costs are always an issue

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RTCM 2010Annual Assembly Meeting and Conference
16 21 May 2010 Catamaran Hotel San Diego,
CA,USA www.rtcm.org
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