Energy Resources

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Energy Resources

• Section 1 Natural Resources
• Section 2 Fossil Fuels
• Section 3 Alternate Resources

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Section 1 - Natural Resources

• Earths Resources
• Renewable Resources
• Nonrenewable Resources

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Earths Resources

• Earth provides almost everything needed for life.
  
• Natural Resource any natural material that is
  used by humans, such as water petroleum,
  minerals, forests, and animals

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Renewable Resources

• Renewable Resource a natural resource that can
  be replaced at the same rate at which the
  resource is consumed
• An example is trees However, forests are cut
  down faster than new forests can grow.

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Nonrenewable Resources

• Nonrenewable Resource a resource that forms at
  a rate that is much slower than the rate at which
  it is consumed
• An example is coal When coal is used up it is no
  longer available.

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Conserving Natural Resources

• Energy Conservation
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

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Energy Conservation

• The energy we use to heat our homes, drive our
  cars, and run our computers comes from natural
  resources.
• You conserve energy by being careful to use only
  the resources that you need.

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Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

• Reduce the amount of natural resources you use.
• Reuse natural resources instead of throwing them
  away.
• Recycling the process of recovering valuable or
  useful materials from waste or scrap the process
  of reusing some items

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Section 2 - Fossil Fuels

• Energy Resources
• Types of Fossil Fuels
• How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
• Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?
• How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels?
• Problems with Fossil Fuels

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Energy Resources

• Energy Resources natural resources that humans
  use to generate energy
• Fossil Fuel a nonrenewable energy resource
  formed from the remains of organisms that lived
  long ago
• Examples include oil, coal, and natural gas.

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Types of Fossil Fuels

• Liquid
• Petroleum (crude oil) a liquid mixture of
  complex hydrocarbon compounds used widely as a
  fuel source
• Gaseous
• Natural Gas a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons
  located under the surface of the Earth, often
  near petroleum deposits used in fuel
• Solid
• Coal a fossil fuel that forms underground from
  partially decomposed plant material

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How Do Fossil Fuels Form?

• Coal Formation
• Stage 1 Peat
• Bacteria and fungi change sunken swamp plants
  into peat (60 carbon).
• Stage 2 Lignite
• Sediment buries the peat, which increases the
  pressure and temperature. The peat slowly changes
  into lignite (70 carbon).
• Stage 3 Bituminous Coal
• As the lignite becomes more buried, the
  temperature and pressure continue to increase.
  Eventually, lignite turns into bituminous coal
  (80 carbon).
• Stage 4 Anthracite
• As bituminous coal becomes more buried, the
  temperature and pressure continue to increase.
  bituminous coal turns into anthracite (90
  carbon).

• Petroleum Natural Gas Formation
• Permeable Rocks rocks that allow fluids to move
  through them
• Occurs when petroleum or natural gas moves its
  way up through the permeable rocks to the
  surface.
• The formation is an ongoing process.

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Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?

• Fossil Fuels are found on land and in the ocean.
• The United States has a large reserves for
  petroleum but about one-half is imported from
  other countries.

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How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels?

• The kind and location of the fossil fuel
  determines the methods used to remove it.
• One way to remove fossil fuels is to drill wells.
• The second way to remove fossil fuels is Surface
  Mining the process by which soil and rock are
  stripped from the Earths surface to expose the
  underlying coal that is to be mined.

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Problems with Fossil Fuels

• The negative effects of fossil fuels on the
  environment.
• 1 Acid Precipitation- precipitation such as
  rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high
  concentration of acids, often because of the
  pollution of the atmosphere.
• 2 Soil removed and not replaced can destroy
  plants and animal habitats.
• 3 Producing, transporting, and using petroleum
  can cause environmental problems and endanger
  wildlife.
• 4 Smog photochemical haze that forms when
  sunlight acts on industrial pollutants and
  burning fuels.

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Section 3 Alternate Resources

• Splitting the Atom Fission
• Combining Atoms Fusion
• Chemical Energy
• Solar Energy
• Wind Power
• Hydroelectric Energy
• Power from Plants
• Energy from Within Earth

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Splitting the Atom Fission

• Nuclear Energy the energy released by a fission
  of fusion reaction the binding energy of the
  atomic nucleus.
• Fission a process by which the nuclei of
  radioactive atoms are split into two or more
  smaller nuclei.
• When fission takes place, a large amount of
  energy is released that energy is used to
  generate electrical energy.
• Pros and Cons Produce dangerous radioactive
  wastes, accidental release of waste, has to have
  a cooling system, and have large towers to keep
  hot water in the plant and not disrupting the
  ecosystem.

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Combining Atoms Fusion

• Fusion the joining of two or more nuclei to
  from a larger nucleus.
• This process produces a large amount of energy
  happens naturally in the sun.
• One advantage of fusion is that it produces few
  dangerous wastes.
• One disadvantage of fusion is that very high
  temperatures are required for the reaction to
  take place.
• This reaction must happen in a special
  environment such as a magnetic field.

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Chemical Energy

• Chemical Energy the energy released when a
  chemical compound reacts to produce new
  compounds.
• One example is Fuel Cells These occur by
  converting chemical energy into electrical energy
  by reacting hydrogen and oxygen into water.

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Solar Energy

• Solar Energy the energy received by the Earth
  from the sun in the form of radiation.
• Solar Panels large panels made up of many
  solar cells wired together.
• Solar energy is used for heating through solar
  collectors dark-colored boxes that have glass
  or plastic tops.
• Pros and Cons It doesnt produce pollution,
  comes from the sun and is renewable, and solar
  cells and solar collectors are expensive.

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Wind Power

• Wind Power the use of windmill to drive an
  electric generator.
• Clusters of wind turbines can create significant
  amounts of electrical energy.
• Pros and Cons Doesnt cause pollution and wind
  isnt always strong enough or frequent enough to
  create energy.

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Hydroelectric Energy

• Hydroelectric Energy- electrical energy produced
  by falling water.
• One example is water wheels. They have been used
  for many years by humans.
• Pros and Cons Some require damns, after the damn
  it is inexpensive, can only be produced with
  large amounts of falling water, could reduce the
  use of fossil fuels, building damns destroys
  other resources, large numbers of fish die, and
  water quality decreases and can create erosion
  problems.

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Power from Plants

• Biomass organic matter that can be a source of
  energy.
• You must burn biomass to get the energy that is
  released.
• Gasohol a mixture of gasoline and alcohol that
  is used as a fuel.
• Plants that contain sugar or starch can be made
  into alcohol You can burn alcohol by itself to
  make fuel as well.

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Energy form Within Earth

• Geothermal Energy the energy produced by heat
  within the Earth.
• Magma melted rock Groundwater is heated by
  magma and then becomes steam.
• Geysers - natural vents that discharge steam or
  water in a column into the air.
• Geothermal energy can be used to heat buildings
  This can occur with Geothermal Power Plants.

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Review Questions

• Questions
• How does acid precipitation form?
• If sunlight is free, why is electrical energy
  from solar cells expensive?
• Where is the production of hydroelectric energy
  practical?

• Questions
• How do we obtain petroleum and natural gas?
• Nuclear power plants use what process to make
  energy?
• Peat, lignite, and anthracite are all forms of
  what?