Natural and Energy Resources

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Natural and Energy Resources
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Natural Resource

• Useful minerals and other materials that people
  take from the Earth
• Some examples are fossil fuels, metals, trees,
  water, air

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Renewable Resource

• A resource that is replaced as it is used
• Examples are trees, fish, oxygen, and fresh water
• In the long term, soil would be considered a
  renewable resource since it will eventually be
  replaced

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Nonrenewable Resource

• Cannot be replaced once it is used up
• Rocks and minerals are nonrenewable resources
• In the short term, soil would be considered a
  nonrenewable resource since it takes a long time
  to make more of it

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Fossil Fuels

• Coal, petroleum, natural gas
• Formed from the remains of once-living organisms

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Chemical Bond

• Joins atoms together to form molecules
• Chemical energy is stored in the chemical bonds
  that join atoms of carbon to each other and to
  atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen
• When fossil fuels are burned, the chemical bonds
  are broken and the energy is released as thermal
  energy

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Hydroelectric Energy

• Electricity is generated from the force of
  falling water
• Produces 1/5 of the worlds energy
• Renewable
• Needs rivers and usable geography

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Tidal Energy

• Uses the mechanical energy of changing tides to
  turn turbines which turn generators to produce
  electricity
• Non-polluting, inexhaustible
• Must have good tides (location issue)

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Biomass

• Organic matter that is living or was recently
  alive
• Wood
• Garbage
• Gasoline Alcohol Gasohol
• Cheap, easy to produce
• Doesnt provide a lot of energy compared to
  fossil fuels

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Nuclear Energy

• Large amounts of thermal energy is released when
  the nucleus of an atom is split apart.

Nuclear Reactor (thermal energy)
Water turned to steam
Steam turns turbines
Turbines turn generators to produce electricity
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Geothermal Energy

• Uses heat from inside the earth
• Expensive to build, requires location near heat
  source (volcanic)
• Non-polluting, inexhaustible

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Solar Energy

• Energy of sunlight
• Can be used for electricity or heating
• Sunlight is free but solar collectors and cells
  can be expensive

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Fusion Energy

• This process is what powers the Sun
• Tremendous amounts of energy can be released when
  the nuclei of small atoms are forced together to
  form a large nucleus
• Requires extremely high temperatures
• Presently limited to laboratory experiments

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Wind Energy

• Uses windmills to produce electricity
• Wind is free, nonpolluting, and inexhaustible
• Wind turbines are expensive and wind is not
  always constant

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Coal Formation

1. Peat a soft, brown material made up of partly
   decayed plants
2. Lignite as peat is squeezed and heated over
   time, it turns into a soft, brown rock
3. Bitumen More heat and pressure over time will
   turn lignite into a hard, dark brown or black
   rock
4. Anthracite Even more heat and pressure over
   time will turn bitumen into a hard, black rock.
   It is almost pure carbon.

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Fossil Fuels Web
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