BBT 101 PLANT CELLS

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BBT 101PLANT CELLS

• The Typical Plant Cell - ultrastructure
  differences between plant and animal cells
  vacuoles, plastids and plant cell walls.
• Plant Cell Growth and Development - apical
  meristems, cell division, expansion and
  differentiation.
• Plant Cell Culture - intro. to in vitro
  procedures and applications secondary metabolite
  production protoplast technology.

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Vacuoles

• Storage
• Turgidity
• Osmoregulation (water balance)

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Main differences between plant and animal cells

• Plants have
• Vacuoles
• Plastids
• Cell walls

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Plastids

• Chloroplasts
• photosynthesis
• starch storage
• cytoplasmic inheritance
• Leucoplasts
• food storage in non-photosynthetic tissues
• Chromoplasts
• store pigments (other than photosynthetic ones)

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Plant cell walls

• Functions
• strength
• rigidity
• protection

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Primary (undifferentiated) plant cell walls

• Cellulose (forms meshwork)
• Pectins (fill matrix)
• Hemicelluloses (fill matrix)
• Plasmodesmata (pores) - for cell-to-cell
  communication - grouped into primary pit fields.

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Secondary (differentiated) plant cell walls

• Additional matrix substances
• Lignin
• Suberin
• Cutin
• Additional structure
• Pits (formed from primary pit fields)

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Plant Cell Cultures

• Composition of culture medium
• 1. Containers.
• 2. Nutrient Medium.
• Macronutrients
• micronutrients
• vitamins
• sucrose
• plant growth regulators (hormones)
• water
• pH
• /- agar
• sterilization

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Plant Cell Cultures

• Preparation
• explant surface sterilisation
• callus and suspension cultures
• Uses
• plant regeneration
• production of natural plant products
• primary and secondary metabolites
• advantages of using plant cell cultures
• protoplasts