Chronic Health Problems

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Chronic Health Problems

• Objectives
• Describe the relationship between heredity and
  disease.
• Identify the causes, signs and symptoms, and
  treatment of common chronic diseases.
• Differentiate between a physical disability and a
  handicap.

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Heredity and Disease

• 211 Genes and Chromosomes.
• Genetics the scientific study of genes and how
  they determine and control development.
• Genes special structures that transmit
  hereditary characteristics.
• (1.) Dominant gene prevents another gene from
  expressing itself.
• (1.) Recessive gene the gene not expressed.

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Heredity and Disease

• 212 (2.) Mutation the result of cells failing
  to divide in a normal way.
• Cause inherited genetic disorders.

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Heredity and Disease

• 213 Sex-linked Inherited Disorders mutation
  occurs in the genes that determine sex.
• (3.) Muscular Dystrophy weakness due to the
  deterioration of muscle fibers.
• (3.) Hemophilia- the absence of the protein
  factor necessary for the clotting of blood.
• (3.) Color blindness the person cannot
  distinguish one or more colors.

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Heredity and Disease
Normal Blood cell

• 214 Recessive Inherited diseases
• (4.) Sickle-cell anemia blood disease that gets
  its name from the abnormal shape of red blood
  cells.
• Severe pain and tissue damage
• Frequent infections and organ damage.
• (4.) Cystic fibrosis affects the mucous and
  sweat glands.
• Difficulty breathing due to airways blocked by
  thick mucous.
• (4.) Tay-Sachs the absence of a key enzyme
  needed to break down fats in the body.

Sickle-cell
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Heredity and Disease

• 215 Extra- or Missing-Chromosome Inherited
  Diseases
• (5.) Down syndrome - child has 47 chromosomes
  instead of 46
• (5.) Klinefelter syndrome a male has an extra X
  chromosomes.
• (5.) Turner syndrome - a female is missing an X
  chromosome.

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Chronic Diseases

• 216 Epilepsy a disturbance of impulses in the
  brain that causes temporary loss of control of
  the mind and body.
• Aura - a dreamlike state in which the body
  experiences a strange sensation sometimes
  preceding partial epileptic seizures.
• Types
• (6.) Partial Occur in a specific area of the
  brain.
• (6.) Generalized occur in both halves of the
  brain at the same time.

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Chronic Diseases

• 217 (7.) Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease
  characterized by a breakdown of the outer
  covering of the nerve fibers in the brain and
  spinal cord causing scar tissue to form.

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Chronic Diseases

• 218 Diabetes
• (8.) Two Types
• Insulin-dependent little or no insulin is
  produced by the pancreas.
• Must have daily injections of insulin to live.
• Non Insulin-dependent the pancreas produces
  some insulin, but the body cells are unable to
  use it.
• Is controlled through diet and exercise.

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Chronic Diseases

• 219 Arthritis inflammation of the joints.
• (9.) Two Types
• Osteoarthritis wearing down of the moving parts
  of a joint.
• Rheumatoid arthritis a disease where joint
  deformity and loss of function occurs.

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Chronic Diseases

• 2110 Allergies an allergy is a reaction of the
  body to a certain substance, an allergen.
• (10.) Ways to reduce the effects of allergens
• Removal of the allergen.
• Changing the sensitivity to the allergen by
  injecting an extract of the allergen until a
  maximum tolerance dose is achieved.

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Chronic Diseases

• 2111 Cerebral Palsy a nervous system disorder
  that involves nerve and muscle coordination.
• (11.) Symptoms of cerebral palsy
• Poor muscle coordination.
• An awkward way of walking.
• Loss of balance.
• Problems standing or walking.
• Difficulty speaking, hearing or seeing.

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Physical Disabilities and Handicaps

• 2112 Defining Disabilities and Handicaps
• (12.) Disability a physical or mental
  impairment.
• (12.) Handicap the limit that is set by a
  disability.

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