Latin America: Chapter 2

1
Latin America Chapter 2

• Shaped By Its History

2
Key Terms

• Mestizo
• a person of mixed Spanish and Native American
  ancestry
• Rural
• having to do with the countryside
• criollo
• someone born in Latin America but had Spanish
  parents

3
Key Terms

• campesino
• poor Latin American farmer
• urban
• having to do with the cities
• hieroglyphics
• a form of writing using signs and symbols

4
Key Terms

• aqueduct
• a pipe or channel used to carry water from a
  distant source to a dry area
• encomienda
• the power to demand taxes or labor from Native
  Americans
• caudillo
• a military officer who rules strictly

5
Know the dates

• Tenochtitlan was built
• 1325
• Spanish destroy the Aztecs
• 1521
• Treaty of Tordesillas is signed by Spain and
  Portugal
• 1494

6
Know the dates

• Most Latin American nations win independence
• 1825
• Pachucuti becomes Inca ruler
• 1438

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Main Ideas

• What early Latin American Civilization was in the
  Valley of Mexico?
• Aztecs
• What early Latin American Civilization was
  located along the western coast of South America?
• Inca
• What was the name of the line that divided
  control of the territory in the Americas between
  Spain and Portugal?
• Line of Demarction

8
Main Ideas

• Name some leaders who helped South America gain
  Independence?
• Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin
• Name some Inca accomplishments?
• Roads and aqueducts
• What factors helped the Spanish defeat the
  Aztecs?
• Horses and weapons, disease, and many Native
  American tribes resented paying tribute to the
  Aztecs

9
Main Ideas

• What was the first European colony in Latin
  America to win Independence?
• Haiti
• Who often controlled the economies of Latin
  American countries, especially in the 1900s?
• Foreign companies
• What was the major city of the Aztec
  civilization?
• Tenochtitlan

10
Main Ideas

• Name some major Mayan cities?
• Tikal and Copan
• What were the names of Spains two most important
  colonies in the Americas?
• Peru and New Spain

11
Main Ideas

• What is one thing that happened in Latin America
  due to a quickly increasing population?
• people began to move to the cities
• What were most of the caudillos who ruled Latin
  American countries after they gained independence
  concerned with?
• holding on to their power and getting rich

12
Main Ideas

• Did maize originally come from Europe or the
  Americas?
• Americas
• Did horses originally come from Europe or the
  Americas?
• Europe

13
Main Ideas

• Did potatoes originally come from Europe or the
  Americas?
• Americas
• Did chocolate originally come from Europe or the
  Americas?
• Americas

14
Main Ideas

• What country was Brazil a colony of?
• Portugal
• Gran Colombia joined what countries under the
  leadership of Simon Bolivar?
• Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama

15
Main Ideas

• Why did many Latin American Countries drill for
  oil in the 1980s?
• the price of oil had gone up significantly
• What is one way Latin American countries are
  trying to control foreign investment?
• keeping them from buying to much land

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Essay

• List and explain why a relatively small band of
  Spanish soldiers were able to conquer much of
  Latin America and the people who lived there.
• Spanish had guns, cannons, and horses and the
  Native Americans did not
• explain how this helped them

17
Essay

• Spanish carried diseases that killed many Native
  Americans
• explain how this helped them
• Spanish had help from some Native Americans
• explain how this helped them