Ch. 4 Notes---Nomenclature: Chemical Names

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Ch. 4 Notes---Nomenclature Chemical Names
Formulas

• Ionic Compounds (________)
• Name or formula starts with a _________ (or NH4
  , ammonium).
• Other quick ways to tell if the compound is
  ionic
• formula uses parentheses
• Example ________________
• formula contains more than 2 elements (capital
  letters)
• Example ________________
• name uses Roman numerals
• Example ________________
• name ends in -ate or ite.
• Example _________________

salts
metal
Ca(OH)2
FeCrO4
lead(II) chloride
barium sulfate
2

• Molecular Compounds (____________)
• Name or formula starts with a ____________
  (exception NH4 )
• Other quick ways to tell if the compound is
  molecular
• Name has prefixes and also ends in -ide. (It
  must have both!)
• Examples _________________,____________________
  ___
• Naming Ionic Compounds
• Just use your ion sheet and find the names of the
  ions.
• cation name anion name
• Practice Problems Name the following ionic
  compounds.
• a) NaC2H3O2 b) (NH4)2CO3 c)
  Fe(OH)3 d) PbSO4

molecules
nonmetal
carbon dioxide
dinitrogen pentoxide
(III)
lead
(II)
iron
sodium
ammonium
acetate
carbonate
sulfate
hydroxide
3

• Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
• Step 1-- Use your ion sheet and find the ions and
  their charges.
• Step 2-- Cross the charges if they dont
  balance out.
• Step 3-- Use parentheses around polyatomic ion
  chunks.
• Practice Problems Write the formula for each
  ionic compound.
• copper(II) bromide ____________________
• aluminum nitrite _______________________
  __
• barium hydrogen carbonate ____________________
  _______

Cu2
Br -1
CuBr2
(dont show 1s)

Al3
NO2 -1
Al(NO2)3

Ba2
HCO3-1
Ba(HCO3)2

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• Naming Molecular Compounds
• You do not use the ion sheet for molecules
  because no __________ are needed. They
  ______________ electrons instead of transferring
  them.
• Use ________________ to indicate the and kind
  of atom in the compound.
• mono1 di2 tri3 tetra4 penta5
  hexa6 hepta7 octa8 non9 deca10
• Use the general format shown below
• prefix-(except mono)-name the 1st element
  prefix-name the 2nd element ending with -ide
• Practice Problems Name the following molecules.
• N2O5 CO
  Cl4F7 SO3

charges
share
prefixes
carbon monoxide
tetrachlorine heptafluoride
sulfur trioxide
dinitrogen pentoxide
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• Writing Molecular Formulas
• The prefixes in the name tell you the of atoms
  of each element there are. (Those become the
  _________________ in the formula!)
• Practice Problems Write the formula for each
  molecule.
• nitrogen monoxide carbon tetrachloride
  diphosphorous pentoxide
• Acids
• All acids begin with the element
  ________________.
• General format H(X), where (X) represents the
  ______________.
• There are 2 general types of acids
• If the name of (X) ends in ite or ate, then
  it is an _________ acid.
• If the name of (X) ends in ide, then it is a
  ____________ acid. The acids just contains ____
  elements, hydrogen and a nonmetal. (Theres NO
  oxygen!)

subscripts
CCl4
P2O5
NO
hydrogen
anion
oxy-
binary
2
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• Naming Oxy-Acids
• If the name of (X) ends in ate (anion
  root)-ic acid
• If the name of (X) ends in ite (anion
  root)-ous acid
• Practice Problems Name these acids.
• H2SO4 H3PO3 HNO3
  H2CO3 HC2H3O2 HClO2
• Naming Binary Acids
• If the name of (X) ends in ide hydro-
  (anion root)-ic acid
• Practice Problems Name these acids.
• H2S HCl HF

sulfuric acid
phosphorous acid
nitric acid
carbonic acid
acetic acid
chlorous acid
hydrosulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid
hydrofluoric acid
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• Writing the Formulas for Acids
• FIRST? You must determine the formula for the
  anion, (X).
• If the acids name starts with ________ (and
  ends in ic), the name of the anion used ends
  in _______. Therefore, it is a _________ acid.
  (Theres only hydrogen and one other nonmetal in
  the formula!)
• The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anions
  charge!
• Examples hydrobromic acid ________
• hydroiodic acid _______
• hydrosulfuric acid ________

hydro
-ide
binary
HBr
HI
H2S
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• If the acids name ends with ______ without the
  hydro- prefix, the name of the anion used ends
  in _______. Therefore, it is an ____ acid.
• The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anions
  charge!
• Examples perchloric acid __________
• oxalic acid ___________
• If the acids name ends with ______, the name
  of the anion used ends in _______. (Its is
  also an oxy-acid.)
• The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anions
  charge!
• Examples hypochlorous acid __________
• nitrous acid ____________
• sulfurous acid ____________

-ic
-ate
oxy-
HClO4
H2C2O4
-ous
-ite
HClO
HNO2
H2SO3