Normal Newborn: Process of Adaptation

1
Normal Newborn Process of Adaptation
2
Initiation of Respirations

• Development of the lungs
• Fetal lung fluid
• Surfactant
• Causes of respirations
• Chemical
• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Continuation of Respirations

3
Cardiovascular Adaptationtransition from fetal
to neonatal circulation

• Ductus Arteriosus
• Pulmonary blood vessels
• Foramen ovale

4
Neurologic Adaptation Thermoregulation

• Newborn characteristics leading to heat loss
• Methods of heat loss
• Non-shivering thermogenisis
• Effects of cold stress
• Neutral thermal environment
• Hyperthermia

5
Hazards of cold stress

• Increased O2 need
• Decreased surfactant production
• Respiratory distress
• Hypoglycemia
• Metabolic acidosis
• Jaundice

6
Hematologic Adaptation

• Factors affecting the blood
• Blood value
• erythrocytes and HBG
• HCT48-69 WNL
• above 65 increases risk
• of jaundice
• Risk of clotting deficiency
• vitamin K!!!

7
Gastrointestinal System

• Stomach
• Intestines
• Digestive Enzymes
• Stools

8
Hepatic System

• Blood glucose maintenance
• Conjugation of bilirubin
• Hyperbilirubinemia
• Physiologic Jaundice
• Pathologic Jaundice

9
Urinary System

• Kidney development
• Kidney function
• Fluid balance

10
Immune System

• Neonate less effective fighting off infection
• Immunoglobulin
• IgG
• IgM
• IgA

11
Psychosocial Adaptation Behavioral States

• Periods of reactivity
• Period of sleep
• quiet sleep
• active sleep
• drowsy
• quiet alert
• active alert
• crying