Science

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Science the study of the natural
world Technology the development of equipment
needed to study the sciences.
Science Technology spur each other forward
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Biotechnology or biotech is the use of living
systems and organisms to develop or make useful
products, or "any technological application
that uses biological systems, living organisms or
derivatives thereof, to make or modify products
or processes for specific use"
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Should we do it? should we manipulate
nature? Bio ethics
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Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas health care (medical)
Gene therapy Immunology Medications Diagnostic
Testing Cell Tissue Cultures
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Bioethics
Who decides??? Are there boundaries?
who decides? How far is too far? Should we
develop the technology not use it? Is it
different to manipulate plants and animals than
to manipulate humans? Should personal decision
be honored ?
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There are three basic kinds of biotechnology
tools working with cells, working with
proteins, and working with genes.
Working with cells
Working with genes
Working with proteins
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Biotechnology

• Helps meet human needs
• Food, clothing and shelter
• Plants and animals are used in manufacturing
  food, clothing and materials for shelter

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Biotechnology

• Used to make products more useful or desirable
• Ex conversion of milk into cheese or yogurt
• Also used in maintaining a good environment that
  promotes our well being.
• Using scientific processes to get new organisms
  or new products from organisms.

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Biotechnology in Agriculture

• Highly-developed Crop Varieties
• Enhanced growth
• Higher yields
• Drought resistant
• Cope with less ideal soils/harsher conditions
• Improved taste, texture, appearance
• Insect resistant

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Biotechnology in Agriculture
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
Potatoes, tomatoes, lettuce rice to produce
insulin for vaccines (a future of homegrown,
edible vaccines??? global access, no syringes,
no medical waste)
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Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas crop production and agriculture
Selective breeding Hybridization Pest resistant
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Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas non food (industrial) uses of
crops biofuels  
1 concern re biomass for fuel?
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Agricultural View

• All of the applied science based operations in
  producing food, fiber, shelter, and related
  products.
• Milk production
• New horticultural and ornamental plants
• Wildlife, aquaculture, natural resources and
  environmental management

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Biotechnology in Agriculture

• Biotechnology in Animals
• breeding programs by directing selection of
  superior animals

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Animal Biotech

• Improve animals or the products they produce
• Animals may be used to produce products that
  promote human health
• Increase productivity
• Pigs engineered to produce human hemoglobin

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Biotechnology in Agriculture
Finding new uses for foods Oils seed for
detergents (cuts down on petro use)
plant-based, Earth friendly products
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
plant-based Henna Art
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
Bioremediation and biodegradation engineer and
adapt organisms, especially microorganisms , in
an effort to find sustainable ways to clean up
contaminated environments.
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Organismic Biotech

• Help the organism live better or be more
  productive
• Goal improve organisms and the conditions in
  which they grow
• Study and use natural genetic variations
• Cloning is an example of organismic biotech

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Organismic Biotech

• Working with complete, intact organisms or their
  cells
• Organisms are not genetically changed with
  artificial means

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Genetic testing

• Prenatal diagnostic screening
• Newborn screening
• Carrier screening
• Confirming disease diagnosis
• Forensic/identity testing

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Cloning

• Process of producing a new organism from cells or
  tissues of existing organism.
• 1997 cloned sheep Dolly in Edinburgh Scotland

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Cloning
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Molecular Biotech

• Changing the genetic make-up of an organism
• Altering the structure and parts of cells
• Complex!
• Uses genetic engineering, molecular mapping and
  similar processes

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Genetic testing involves the direct examination
of the DNA molecule itself. scans a patient's
DNA sample for mutated sequences.
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• Changing the genetic information in a cell
• Specific trait of one organism may be isolated,
  cut, and moved into the cell of another organism

Genome Mapping
Targeting the specific gene associated with the
disease or disorder.
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Gene therapy may be used for treating, or even
curing, genetic and acquired diseases like cancer
and AIDS by using normal genes to supplement or
replace defective genes or to bolster a normal
function such as immunity. 
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Biotechnology Locate isolate the gene Make
changes to the gene Cure the disease
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Medicine

• Some new developments delve into the hereditary
  material of humans known as gene therapy

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Diabetes Test Kit Looks for the molecule glucose
in your blood compares its level to normal
molecular diagnostic devices
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Medicine

• Therapeutant - product used to maintain health
  or prevent disease
• Biopharmaceuticals drug or vaccine developed
  through biotechnology (Called designer drugs)
• Biopharming production of pharmaceuticals in
  cultured organisms
• Combination of the agriculture and pharmaceutical
  industries

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What combination of molecules will change the
chemistry of illness?
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Organ Regeneration
Ethical Issues -- What do you think?
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Pharmacogenomics is the study of how the genetic
inheritance of an individual
affects his/her body's response to

drugs
tailor-made medicines Exact drug dosages Better
vaccines
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Environment

• Any biotechnological process that may promote a
  good environment
• Organisms developed during the gulf war to eat
  oil
• Organism used in gold mining to eat
  contaminants
• Problems naturally solved by microorganisms such
  as bacteria, fungi break down contaminant into a
  form less harmful or not harmful

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Environment
Oil spill
Cleaned up by Oil eating microbes
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Environment
Sludge eating microbes
Septic sludge
Deer Island, Boston State of the art sewage
treatment
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What combination of grains fruits provide
nutrition good taste?
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Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas biodegradables
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Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas environmental uses.
40 less
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Plant biotech

• Improve plants and the products produced from
  them
• Insect and disease resistance
• Engineered to have desired characteristics
• Corn plant produced with high levels of the amino
  acid Lysine

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Food and Beverages

• Use of technology in producing and processing
• Some biotech principles have been employed for
  hundreds of years
• Yeast in baking bread

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Greater Production

• Increases yields
• bST use in cows to produce more milk
• Higher crop yields from drought, disease insect
  resistant crops

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Food and Bev.

• Genetically altered crops
• rBGH milk

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Efficiency

• Must keep the cost of improving products as low
  as possible
• Biotech results in greater efficiency
• Inoculating legume seeds with bacteria that allow
  the plant to pull nitrogen out of the air and put
  it into the soil
• Saves the producer the cost of applying N
  fertilizer

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Efficiency

• Results in trees that grow faster and produce
  wood that is more desirable

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Health Promoting Foods

• Food with unique traits
• Some contain therapeutants
• Some designed with nutrient enrichment
• Consumers want foods to provide needed nutrients
  and in some cases, enhanced foods
• Do not want side effects from those enhanced
  foods

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Human Genome Project http//www.youtube.com/watch?
vVJycRYBNtwY Nova podcast The Human
Genome http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMjevOzSHZTU
Teachers Domain Bioengineering Body Parts 6
min http//www.teachersdomain.org/asset/nsn11_vid_
bodyparts/
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Careers in Biotechnology What do bio-techies do?
Collect measure manage samples
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Careers in Biotechnology What do bio-techies do?
Measure samples Manipulate samples Observe Store
samples
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Careers in Biotechnology What do bio-techies do?
data collection, storage computation,
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Careers in Biotechnology What do bio-techies do?
Collaborate Interpret Problem Solve Test models
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Careers in Biotechnology What do bio-techies do?
Generate better solutions Communicate Affect
policy