Installing Linux softwares

1
Installing Linux softwares

• Sirak Kaewjamnong

2
Software packets

• When Linux developers create their software they
  typically bundle all the executable and data
  files into a single file called a "package" file.
  
• Package files have different formats and contain
  different control files
• Where the rest of the files should be placed
• The permissions they should have
• A list of prerequisite packages that are required
  for the package to function correctly

3
Packet file types

• Redhat, and Fedora Linux software is primarily
  available in RedHat Package Manager (RPM) files
• Debian and Ubuntu Linux use the Debian Package
  format in which the filenames end with ".deb
  called DEB files
• Software developers who want to use a universally
  recognizable file format across all flavors of
  Linux also will make their products available as
  TAR packages

4
Where to get used Packages

• Packages on Linux Installation CDs
• Manually Downloaded Packages
• two most common ways of getting packages are by
  manually using FTP or a Web browser

5
Popular Package Download Sites

• Redhat
• http//www.redhat.com/
• http//www.rpmfind.net/
• Fedora
• ftp//download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/
  core/
• http//download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux
  /core/
• http//www.rpmfind.net/

6
Popular Package Download Sites

• Debain
• http//packages.debian.org
• Ubuntu
• http//packages.ubuntu.com

7
How to Download Software

• Getting Software Using Web-Based FTP
• Browse the desired Web site until you find the
  link to the software package.
• Click on the link for the desired software
  package.
• Save the file to hard drive
• Getting RPMs Using Command-Line Anonymous FTP

8
FTP Commands

• Command Description
• binary Copy files in binary mode
• cd Change directory on the FTP server
• dir List the names of the files in the current
  remote directory
• exit Bye bye
• get Get a file from the FTP server
• lcd Change the directory on the local machine
• ls Same as dir
• mget Same as get, but you can use wildcards like
  ""
• mput Same as put, but you can use wildcards like
  ""
• passive Make the file transfer passive mode
• put Put a file from the local machine onto the
  FTP server
• pwd Give the directory name on the local machine
  

9
How to Download Software

• Getting software using wget
• The wget command can be used to download files
  quickly when you already know the URL at which
  the RPM is locate
• wget http//linux.stanford.edu/pub//i386/RPMS/dh
  cp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm

10
Installing Software From RPM Files

• There are generally two ways to install RPM files
  manually.
• using a file previously downloaded to your hard
  drive
• install the RPM from some sort of removable media
  such as a CD-ROM drive
• Use command rpm to install .rpm file

11
The RPM Command

• rpm -Uvh is the command to install package
• -U qualifier is used for updating an RPM to the
  latest version
• -h qualifier gives a list of hash characters
  during the installation
• -v qualifier prints verbose status messages while
  the command is run

12
RPM command example
root_at_bigboy tmp rpm -Uvh mysql-server-3.23.58-9
.i386.rpm Preparing...
100 1mysql-server
100 root_at_bigboy tmp
13
RPM Installation Errors

• Sometimes RPM installations will fail giving
  Failed dependencies errors which really mean that
  a prerequisite RPM needs to be installed
• To get around this problem by run the rpm command
  with the --nodeps option to disable dependency
  checks

root_at_bigboy tmp rpm -Uvh --nodeps
mysql-3.23.58-9.i386.rpm
14
Uninstalling RPMs

• The rpm -e command will erase an installed package

root_at_bigboy tmp rpm -e package-name
15
Automatic Updates with yum

• The yum automatic RPM update program comes as a
  standard feature of Fedora Core. It has a number
  of valuable features
• You can configure the URLs of download sites you
  want to use. This provides the added advantage of
  you choosing the most reliable sites in your part
  of the globe.
• yum makes multiple attempts to download RPMs
  before failing.
• yum automatically figures out not only the RPMs
  packages that need updating, but also all the
  supporting RPMs. It then installs them all.

16
Installing Software From DEB Files

• Unlike Redhat or Frdora,the Debian and Ubuntu
  versions of Linux rely on packages in the DEB
  format
• Use dpkg --install command to install the .deb
  package

root_at_u-bigboy dpkg --install
ndiswrapper-utils_1.8-0ubuntu2_i386.deb
Selecting previously deselected package
ndiswrapper-utils. (Reading database ... 70221
files and directories currently
installed.) Unpacking ndiswrapper-utils (from
ndiswrapper-utils_1.8-0ubuntu2_i386.deb)
... Setting up ndiswrapper-utils (1.8-0ubuntu2)
... root_at_u-bigboy