Concerto

1
The Baroque Era Ch 3, 10

• Concerto
• Ritornello Form
• McGraw-Hill Help with the Baroque Era

2
Concerto
Remember Baroque penchant for combining elements?

• Concerto combines 2 highly contrasting groups

• Most concertos have 3 or 4 movements.

3
Movement 1 fast, energetic
Ritornello form (always)
4
Ritornello Form

• Ritornello sections
• played by tutti
• recurring theme or part of it Unity

• Solo sections
• played by soloist(s)
• Each solo section has new material Contrast

5
Log

• Bach
• Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Maj, Mvt. 1
• Concerto Grosso
• I
• ritornello form
• soloistsflute, violin, harpsichord
• long harpsichord cadenza
• pedal points
• much drive toward final ritornello

Excellent YouTube performanceusing historic
instruments
CD 1Tks 63-67
6
Kamien Log, pp 105-6

• R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4 S4
• 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b
• R5 S5 R6 S6 R7 S7 R8 S8
• 5a 5b,c 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b
• Cadenza R9
• 8c 9

CD 1Tks 63-67
7
Ritornello Review
R1 R2 R3 Unity R S R Contrast S1 S2
S3 Contrast
8
Log

• Vivaldi
• Concerto for Violin Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1,
  (Spring from the Four Seasons ), Mvt. 1
• Concerto
• I
• Ritornello form
• Program music

9
Self-Guided Listening Use Baroque era overview
notes, Kamien, the internet, ChartPlayer, and the
following listening guide to make observations
about Vivaldi and his Violin Concerto.

• Vivaldi wrote gt450 concertos for strings,
  woodwinds, and even brasses. Why did he and his
  contemporaries write so much music?
• Google Stradivari and/or Stradivari violin
  and scan several items to get an idea of
  Stradivaris life span, work, and place in the
  history of violin making. Describe the quality of
  string instruments made in Italy during Vivaldis
  life.
• Vivaldi wrote gt230 concertos for violin. What is
  the connection with Stradivari?
• Generally, as musical eras progress composers
  experiment and innovate. Does Vivaldi compose at
  the beginning, middle, or end of the Baroque era?
• What is program music?
• Can you cite elements of Vivaldis Violin
  Concerto that make it programmatic?
• When did Vivaldi compose his concerto? Is this
  the beginning, middle, or end of the Baroque Era?
• In what musical era or century is program music
  particularly popular?
• What, then, is Vivaldis role in the development
  of music?

10
Self-Guided Listening

• Listen to movement 1 of Vivaldis Violin Concerto
  using the ChartPlayer, my formal analysis (next
  slide) and Kamien, pp. 126, 27.
• Can you identify each recurrence of R?
• Who plays in the S1 S2 S4 sections? (Check the
  book!!)
• Explain how Vivaldi is breaking away from the
  formal rules?
• Explain how S1 and S4 produce both contrast and
  unity.
• Compare and contrast the Vivaldi and Bach
  movements in terms of form (number of sections,
  formal clarity, degree of formal perfection),
  length, energy.
• Discuss the two experimental or innovative
  aspects of Spring Concerto for Violin.

11
Vivaldis Concerto, Mvt 1

• Ritornello form

R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4 S4 R5 S5 R6
Song birds
Murmuring streams
Song birds
Thunder,lightning
Pages 126-7CD 2