Welcome to AS Philosophy and Religion

1
Welcome to AS Philosophy and Religion
2
Write one paragraph explaining why you have
chosen to take Philosophy and Religion.

• You must use at least three of these words in
  your work.
• significant affirmation Religious depth
  belief practice distinctive debate
  further examine because insight influenced
  faith understanding enlighten tradition
  reason scepticism pursuit interest argue
  justify

3
Topics studied withMrs Moule

• Islamic Ethics
• Family Life and Social Justice
• Jihad
• Coursework
• Miracles

4
Aim Introduction to Islamic Ethics

• To know what Ethics is.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how to use
  evidence.
• To justify your ideas

5
What is Ethics?

6
Decide how these people would make a decision.
7
How could you support you ideas with evidence?
Where might you get this evidence from?
8
Aim To Introduce Islamic Ethics

• To know how Muslims make decisions.
• To demonstrate the understanding of the Sharia
• To have a critical understanding of problems
  facing Muslims making decisions.

9
Who gets the liver? The doctors have only one
liver who would you give it to?
10
Write a list of things/ considerations that
Muslims might use when making a decision.
11
What problems might a Muslim using the Sharia
today have when making a moral decision?
12
What problems might a Muslim using the Sharia
today have when making a moral decision?
Which Law School? Which school is right? This is
about reaching paradise!
False Hadith.
Contradictions. Alcohol, Coffee, Prawns to name
but a few!
If it is not Haram its okay.
Fed up with Law Schools! Some Muslims now only
use the Quran as the law schools are complex and
confused.
Living in a Multicultural Society. Need to know
Sharia. Sharia presumes you are living in an
Islamic country. Need to know it yourself.
Modern Issues. Genetic engineering, advances in
medicine etc.
13
Homework The Sharia means that a Muslim never
has to make ethical decision. Discuss
14
AIM To introduce the importance of family life
in Islam.

• To know the set up of a Muslim family.
• To demonstrate an understanding of reasons for
  this.
• To critical assess the Islamic concept of family
  in the light of diversity.

15
Family law is the core of the Sharia
16
Family in Islam is considered to be a mirror of
the cosmos. Allah has made the universe with
balance and order. This order should be reflected
in the Muslim household. The ideal family
encourages ideal behaviour in the wider society
and furthers Islam. In this Islam recognizes
that the family is the part of society which is
least likely to be changed or disrupted and
therefore it more than anything else can form a
secure ground for the Islamic community.It is
the family as well that can provide the structure
of support for all Muslims.The Muslim family
is the miniature of the whole Muslim society and
its firm basis. Allen
17
What problems might the concept of Muslim family
face in the modern world? Why might the
breakdown of family worry Muslims in particular?
18
AIM To introduce Islamic marriage.

• To know the purpose of Islamic marriage.
•  
• To demonstrate an understanding of whom a Muslim
  can marry.
• To critical assess these laws from a modern
  perspective.

19
Make a list of the reasons why a person might
decide to get married.
Put them in the order, which would be most
important to you. Do you think the order would
be the same or different in Islam?
20
The Purpose of Marriage in Islam

• To continue the human race.
• Your wives are meant for you to cultivate.
  (2223)
• To protect chastity and morality.
• To sustain mental peace, love and affection.

21
Marriage in Islam is a contract (nikah) not a
sacrament. This contract protects the rights of
both men and women and is sanctioned by divine
law.. Celibacy is not encouraged but not seen as
haram.

• As it is a contract this means it can be broken
  although marriage is seen as being for life under
  normal circumstances and divorce is not
  encouraged.
• N.B Shia Muslims allow temporary marriages
  (Muta) which can last from one hour- 99 years-
  this stems from the concept that men have the
  right to sexual satisfaction in marriage. The
  Iranian government have promoted this as an
  alternative to free sexual practice. However
  many Muslims see it as a form of legalized
  prostitution.

22
Many modernists find problems with the Islamic
marriage laws- what problems might they have?
Western society is often critical of these laws
too, what might western society be uncomfortable
with? How might Islam answer these concerns?
Modernist- As modernists see it the Quran was
revealed at a specific time and within a specific
social context. They see their task as
reinterpreting the spirit of its provisions in
the light of modern realities.
23
AIM To explore arranged marriage in Islam.

• To know what is meant by an arranged marriage.
• To demonstrate of what is a halal arranged
  marriage.
• To critical assess the practice of arranged
  marriage.

24
Why are there arranged marriages?

• Sex before marriage is prohibited
• The wali or guardian must agreed that the partner
  is suitable
• To preserve inheritance rights
• Stability
• Being in love can cloud judgement

25
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on
arranged marriage.

• To know how the concept of arranged marriage
  differs from the typical western view of
  marriage.
• To demonstrate an understanding of views on
  arranged marriage from within the British Muslim
  Community
• To critical assess how diversity as affected
  views on arranged marriage.

26
How has living in a diverse community affected
arranged marriage within the Islamic community?
27
How has living in a diverse community affected
arranged marriage within the Islamic community?

• Rejection of arranged marriage
• Greater acceptance of love marriages
• Highlighting and rejection of forced marriage
• A greater a awareness of rights of marriage
  within the Muslim community especially among
  women
• Rejection of culture
• The institution of more Islamic marriages
  rather than cultural marriages

28
AIM To explore polygamy in Islam.

• To know what polygamy is.
•  
• To demonstrate an understanding of the reasons
  for polygamy.
• To critical assess the concept of polygamy.

29
What does Khan mean by the illicit polygamy of
non-Islamic peoples? Why might the context of
the Quranic verse (pg.183) be important? Why
does Khan believe that Polygamy protects the
rights of women? Do you agree with Khans point
of view?
30
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on
polygamy

• To know how the concept of polygamy is at odds
  with western values.
• To demonstrate an understanding of views on
  polygamy from within the British Muslim
  Community.
• To critical assess how diversity as affected
  views on polygamy.

31
Explain Abduls views on polygamy.Why do you
think Abdul did not allow his wives to be
interviewed?Do you think Helen accepted
polygamy because of Islam?How do you think
Hajida feels about Helen?Do you agree with
Cassandras opinion?In your view was Aishas
husband a criminal because of his actions?
32
How has living in a diverse community effected
feelings about polygamy within the Islamic
community?
33
How has living in a diverse community effected
feelings about polygamy within the Islamic
community?

• Rejection of polygamy in favour of monogamy
• Non-legal polygamous marriages- legal rights???
• Secretive polygamous marriages- double life e.g.
  not telling work colleagues
• A decision to side with British Law-
  understanding Islams allowance but remaining
  monogamous.
• Marrying second wife abroad- legal rights???

34
AIM To explore divorce in Islam.

• To know what forms divorce takes in Islam.
• To demonstrate an understanding of the process of
  divorce in Islam.
• To critical assess the inequality between the
  sexes in regard to divorce.

35
Divorce in Islam

• The most hateful of lawful things
• Islamic marriage is a contract this means that it
  can be broken by a divorce. However a divorce is
  a very serious matter and is governed by strict
  rules.

36
Divorce in Islam is often seen as unequal between
the sexes- Do you agree?

• I want to divorce my husband but my family and
  his will not allow it. Zahra- Iraq
• Most husbands would not approve of their wifes
  friendship with a divorced woman. Tariq- Egypt
• It is considered acceptable for a man to divorce
  his wife but not vice-versa Sana Al-Khayyat

37
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on
divorce.

• To know how the concept of Islamic divorce is
  misunderstood in the west.
•  
• To demonstrate an understanding of the difference
  between Islamic divorce and British divorce.
• To critical assess how diversity as affected
  views on divorce.

38
How do you think the west views Islamic
divorce?
39
Compare British Law on divorce with Islamic
divorce. What is similar what is different? 
40
Look at the divorce rates- what could they tell
us about how Muslim attitudes to divorce have
been effected by living in a multi-cultural
society?

• General UK- 12.7 per 1000
• British Muslims- 9 per 1000
• Indonesia 1 per 1000
• Malaysia- 3 per 1000

• Saudi Arabia- 0.8 per 1000
• Iran- 0.69 per 1000
• Egypt- 1 per 1000
• Bahrein- 1.3 per 1000
• Jordan- 1.22 per 1000
• Turkey- 0.5 per 1000

41
Homework

• In what ways has diversity effected the Muslim
  communities ideas about family life. (14)
• Comment on the view that diversity has enriched
  Islamic Ethics with regard to family life.(6)

42
AIM To understand social justice in terms of
Islamic Ethics

• To know what social justice is.
• To demonstrate an understanding of social justice
  in Islam.
• To assess what basic teachings on social justice
  are from the five pillars.

43
Read the quotes and produce a spidergram of what
you think makes up social justice.

• Islam avoids extremes so as to maintain balance
  and orderliness in society
• And when ye judge between man and man, that ye
  judge with justice 458
• The Prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h. said that
  individuals were all equal like the teeth of a
  comb.
• Man has to act justly with his fellow beings and
  with the world around him

• Social Justice

44
Social Justice Ideal condition in which all
members of a society have the same basic rights,
security, opportunities, obligations and social
benefits.
So what does Islam teach about the rights of the
members of society?
45
What does the Pillar teach about social
justice? What do you think the basic Islamic
teachings on social justice are?
46
Islamic Ethics and Social Justice

• Gender
• Wealth and Poverty
• Race
• Religion
• Crime and Punishment

47
AIM To explore social justice between genders in
Islam.

• To know what Islam says about the equality of the
  sexes.
• To demonstrate an understanding of the roles
  given to men and women in Islam.
• To critical assess whether social justice exists
  for women in Islam.

48
Social Justice and Gender

• Men and women in Islam have spiritual equality-
  both have an equal chance to reach paradise.
• Eve was not more to blame than Adam.
• Individuals have responsibility for there our
  spiritual development.
• Is this reflected in Islamic Social Justice?

49
Read the hand out and complete the table. Then
write a brief paragraph about what you think the
table shows.
Add any information you can remember from
previous lessons.
50
In Islam there is spiritual equality but not
practical equality between the sexes do you
agree?
51
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on social
justice and gender.

• To know Islamic teaches on social justice between
  the sexes.
•  
• To demonstrate an understanding of British
  Muslims life may be different from Muslims
  living in Islamic states.
• To critical assess how living in a multi-cultural
  society has affected the Islamic Communities on
  social justice and gender.

52
Look at the two images of Muslim families one
from Iran and one from Britain.How might the
male and female roles be different/similar in
these two environments.
53
Read the quotes and explain how living in a
multi-cultural society has affected gender roles
within the British Muslim community.
Quotes from Times online.
Part of the joy of living in England as a Muslim
woman is not having to cover up in the way you
have to in places such as Saudi Arabia
women are becoming more educated and moving
ahead of the men.
The proportion of British Muslim men who say
they feel no loyalty to Britain is three times
higher than the proportion of women.
Nearly all Muslim women feel grateful for what
this country has given them.
Muslim girls, on the whole, are liberated by
living in Britain. Their education is deemed as
important as their brothers by the state.
Muslim men are far more likely to describe
western society as decadent and immoral than
Muslim women.
54
- Complete the table with reasons to support
these views.  
 
55
AIM To explore social justice between races in
Islam.

• To know what Islam says about the equality of the
  races.
•  
• To demonstrate an understanding of three key
  teachings on race.
• To critical assess whether social justice between
  races in Islam.

56
Read the story of Bilal What does it tell you
about social justice between races in pre-Islamic
Arabia? What does it tell you about Islams
attitude towards race?
57
See you not that Allah sends down rain from the
sky? With it We then bring out produce of various
colours. And in the mountains are tracts white
and red, of various shades of colour, and black
intense in hue. And so amongst men and crawling
creatures and cattle, are they of various
colours. Those truly fear Allah, among His
Servants, who have knowledge for Allah is
Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving. (3527-28)
O people, We have created you from a male and a
female and made you into races and tribes so that
you may know each other. Surely the most honoured
of you in the sight of God is the one who is the
most righteous of you (4913).
He has put love and mercy between you. Verily in
that are signs for those who reflect. And among
His signs is the creation of the heavens and the
earth and the variations in your languages and
colours verily in that are signs for those who
know. (3020-23).

• Explain the meaning of the three quotes
• 2) Having looked at the quotes make a list on
  reasons at a group on your sugar paper of why
  Islam supports equality between races.

58
Read the article Muslims in the mirror and
highlight all the examples of racism from within
the Muslim community.
59
Equality in Islam between races exists in theory
but not in practice do you agree?
60
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on social
justice and race.

• To know Islamic teachings on social justice
  between the races.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how diversity
  might have affected the Islamic communities view
  on race.
• To critical assess how living in a multi-cultural
  society has affected the Islamic Communities view
  on social justice and race.

61
Look at the two images of Muslim at a Mosque one
from Malaysia, one from Britain.
What do they tell you about the way diversity as
affected Muslim views on social justice and race?
62
- Complete the table with reasons to support
these views.  
 
63
AIM To explore social justice between religions
in Islam.

• To know what Islam says about the equality of the
  religions.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how Islam
  views different religions.
• To critical assess whether social justice between
  religions in Islam.

64

• Highlight 7 quotes from each article. Each quote
  you choose should support one of these points.
•  
• Islam treats other religions equally
•  
• Islam treats other religions fairly
• Islam treats other religions inconsistently
• Islam discriminates against other religions.

65
A) Examine the distinctive emphases within Islam
on family life. B) Examine and consider the
view that Islam has improved the living
conditions and rights of Muslim women.
Homework
66
Why do Muslims feel it is important to convert
non-Muslims?
67

• Pupils read the article The Rabbi and the Imam
  and answer the questions.
•  
• Make a list of things, which you think happen as
  result of diversity.
• Do you think the relationships in the article
  could happen in an Islamic state? Why/why not?
• Do you think the same relationship could exist
  between an Imam and a Sadhu? Why/why not
• How do you think living in diversity has affected
  the Islamic communities view on other religions?

68
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on social
justice with regard to religion.

• To know Islamic teachings on social justice
  between the religions.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how diversity
  might have affected the Islamic communities view
  on religion.
• To critical assess how living in a multi-cultural
  society has affected the Islamic Communities view
  on social justice and religion.

69
Complete the table with reasons to support these
views.  
70
AIM To explore social justice between the rich
and the poor in Islam.

• To know what Islam says about the equality of the
  rich and poor.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how Islam
  deals with the issue of wealth and poverty.
• To critical assess whether social justice exists
  between the rich and the poor in Islam.

71
What do you think Muslims would think about this
and why?

• Traditionally the British as a nation are very
  concerned about which class they belong to. There
  are several classes which can be defined as
  followsUpper Class Somebody who is so rich
  they don't need to work and typical is of a
  landowning background.Working Class Anybody
  who works or needs to work but arent. Middle
  Class People who do professional jobs, such as
  solicitors and doctors.

72
He is the One Who has placed you as overlords on
Earth and raised some of you higher than others
in rank so that He may test you by means of what
he has given you. (1671)
73
Read the handout on Zakah and answer these
questions.

• Explain what Zakah is in your own words.
• Explain the reason Islam would give for the
  existence of rich and poor.
• What does Zakah tell you about social justice
  between the wealthy and the poor?
• What problems might their be with supporting the
  poor this way?

74
Using the lap top find out about these ways that
Muslims also deal with social injustice.

• Sadaqah
• Zakat-ul-Fitr
• Forbidding of gambling
• Forbidding of charging or paying interest.

75
Despite this three of the worlds poorest
countries are Islamic. While some of the richest
are also Islamic.

• Somalia
• Afghanistan
• Sudan
• U.A.E
• Qatar
• Kuwait

Average earnings per year 300
Average earning per year 24,000
76

• For social justice between rich and poor is Islam.

• Against social justice between rich and poor in
  Islam.

77
AIM To consider the ways diversity has
influenced the Muslim communities views on social
justice with regard to wealth and poverty.

• To know Islamic teachings on social justice
  between the rich and poor.
• To demonstrate an understanding of how diversity
  might have affected the Islamic communities
  behaviour with regard to Islamic teachings on
  rich and poor.
• To critical assess how living in a multi-cultural
  society has affected the Islamic Communities
  behaviour with regard to Islamic teachings on
  rich and poor.

78
Complete this essay paragraph in your own words.

• He is not a believer who eats while his
  neighbour remains hungry
• This Hadith sums up one of the key emphases of
  Islamic teachings on social justice. It means
  that a true Muslim
• ____________________________________ .
• A Muslim puts this sentiment into practice
  through
• _________________________________________ .

79
Read the two articles and complete the tasks.
Why might up holding Muslim teachings with regard
to wealth and poverty be difficult in the
U.K.? What is temptations might a Muslim be faced
with when living in the U.K. with regard to the
issues raised in the articles? Why are lotteries
and mortgages connected to social justice in
Islam? HIGHLIGHT TWO QUOTES FROM EACH ARTICLE
WHICH COULD BE USED IN YOUR ESSAY.
80
Complete this essay paragraph in your own words.
Lottery gambling is prohibited by the
Quran This was Dr Jamals response to the fact
that the first person to win the national lottery
in Britain was a Muslim. This fact shows despite
Islamic teaching ________________________________
_________________. This could suggest that
diversity has had a negative effect on the Muslim
communities attitude towards social justice.
However a recent BBC report shows ________________
_________________________________. Therefore it
can be argued that _______________________________
__________________.
81
Go through your notes in pairs making two lists
of useful quotes. One list for Family Life and
one list for social justice.
82
Essay Question.

• Examine the distinctive emphasis within Islam on
  social justice. (8)
• Examine and consider the view that Islamic ethics
  with regard to social justice are not affected by
  diversity. (12)