Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements

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Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements

• Zhuangjie Li
• Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
• California State University Fullerton
• Fullerton, CA 92834

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Outline

• Introduction
• Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)
• GHG alternatives search strategy
• Potential GHG replacement compounds
• Conclusion

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• Global warming (GW) - threats to our welfare
• - draughts and floods, decrease food
  production
• - Sea level rise, high tides, hurricanes,
  beach erosion
• Anthropogenic GW contributor Greenhouse gases
  (GHG)
• - CO2 from fossil fuel usage
• - non-CO2 trace gases industrial and consumer
  usage
• Industrial Solvents, cleaning, etching agents
  etc.
• Consumer Refrigerators, air conditioners, spray
  products etc.
• Ex. CFCl3, CF2Cl2, SF6, C2F6, NF3 etc.

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To mitigate Global warming - Reduce CO2
loading in the atmosphere - improve fuel
efficiency develop wind, solar, renewable energy
etc. For non-CO2 GHG Develop new chemicals
that are environmentally benign (Solvents,
cleaning agents, foam blowing materials,
refrigerants, etc.) Question How do we know how
much a newly developed chemical would contribute
to GW?
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Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) A tool to
quantitatively measure the contribution of a
compound to global warming.
Sources Brakkee et al. Int J LCA 13 191 (2008)
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Sources NIST http//webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fo
rm-ser.html
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Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for
HCFCs for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time
Horizons _________________________________________
______________________________________________
Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmo
spheric _________ years___________ Lifetime,
years 20 100 500 _________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____ CFC- 12 100 7,900 8,500
4,200 HCFC-22 12 4,662 1,900
535 HCFC-123 1.4 303 120 28 HCFC-
124 6.2 1,823 620 176 HCFC-141b
9.1 1,701 700 177 H CFC- 142b 18
4,396 2,300 610 HCFC-225 ca 2.0
414 180 38 HCFC-225cb 6.3 1,597
620 154 ________________________________________
______________________________________________
Sources WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007)
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Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for HFCs
for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time Horizons __________
__________________________________________________
___________________________
Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmospheric
_________ years___________ Lifetime,
years 20 100
500 ______________________________________________
__________________________________________ HFC-32
5.2 2,920 880 276 HFC- 125 29.4 5,738
3,800 1,083 HFC- 134 10.4 3,288 1,200
356 HFC- 134a 14 4,845 1,600 589 HFC-143
3.7 1,017 370 94 HFC- 143a 47 5,695
5,400 1,537 HFC-152a 1.5 499 190
46 HFC-161 0.3 22 10 2 HFC- 227ea 35.7
5,395 3,800 1,172 HFC-236fa 222 6,125
9,400 5,930 HFC-245fa 7.67 3,094 995
309 HFC-365mfc 10.7 2,709 910
296 _____________________________________________
_________________________________________
Sources WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007)
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Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for HFEs
for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time Horizons __________
__________________________________________________
___________________________
Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmospheric
_________ years___________ Lifetime, years
20 100 500 _____________________
__________________________________________________
_________________ HFE-216 0.010 0.014
0.004 0.001 HFE-227 11.3 3,000 1,100
300 HFE-245fa 0.40 1,900 560
170 HFE-245fb 0.36 850 250 79 HFE- 134
0.43 9,400 4,300 1,300 HFE- 125 0.42 12,100
14,400 9,400 HFE-145 0.32 530 150 49 HFE-227 0.
28 370 110 35 HFE-236fa 0.44 4100 1500 450 HFE-2
36fb 0.34 1600 460 140 HFE-263 0.20 37 11 3 HFE-
245fc 0.30 910 270 85 HFE-329 0.49 2800 870 270
HFE-338 0.43 1800 520 160 HFE-349 0.41 1200 350
110 ______________________________________________
____________________________________
Sources WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007) Li et
al. JGR 2000, 2001
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• Additional requirements for a GHG replacement
  compound
• Proper physical properties
• -non-flammable
• low toxicity
• -low cost
• All these requirements make the search for
  desirable GHG replacements challenging

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Conclusions

• Key factors in searching GHG replacement short
  atmospheric lifetime
• Three groups of compounds are current focus
• HCFCs, HFCs, and HFEs.
• Search for GHG replacements is on the way
• Challenge
• Meeting all requirements physical properties,
  safe to use, low cost, and benign to the
  environments.

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Thank you