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Crop Biotechnology: a Weed Science Perspective

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Reared on small diversified farm in 1940s-50s. Very familiar with the drudgery of hand hoeing ... Photo Craig Chism, Univ. of TN. What's the Downside? PIPs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Crop Biotechnology: a Weed Science Perspective


1
Crop Biotechnologya Weed Science Perspective
  • Harold D. Coble
  • IPM Coordinator, USDA/OPMP
  • hcoble_at_ars.usda.gov

2
My Perspective
  • Reared on small diversified farm in 1940s-50s
  • Very familiar with the drudgery of hand hoeing
  • College degrees in agronomy weed science
  • Weed science extension research for 30 yrs
  • Always been a farmer at heart
  • A proponent of IPM USDA IPM Coordinator

3
And, for many reasons, I believe in
conserving our natural resources
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
4
Pest management is all about crop yield and
quality preservation and ease of harvest.
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
5
Pest Management StrategiesThe PAMS Approach
  • Prevention
  • Cultural practices to keep pests out
  • Avoidance
  • Cultural practices to avoid or resist pest impact
  • Monitoring
  • What is present and how many
  • Suppression
  • Kill em if you need to

6
Pest Suppression Options
  • Physical
  • Hand Weeding
  • Mechanical Cultivation
  • Other (mulches, , traps, etc.)
  • Biological
  • Insects, Bacteria, Fungi, Biochemicals
  • Chemical
  • Chemical Pesticides
  • Pheromones

7
Chemical Weed Control
  • Historical non-selective chemicals (NaCl)
  • Key to chemical use is selectivity
  • Development of 2,4-D in 1940s
  • Research programs for selective herbicides
  • Rapid expansion of chemical use in 1960s 70s
  • 100 major crop acreage treated today

8
Attaining Selectivity
  • Massive chemical screening programs
  • Selection in crop breeding programs
  • Tracy soybean
  • Non-transgenic methods
  • Sethoxydim-tolerant corn (tissue culture)
  • STS soybean
  • Transgenic technologies (Biotech)

9
Growth of Biotech Acres of Total U.S. Acres
10
Biotech Crop Uses
of Acres
11
Western Corn Rootworm Adult
Photo credit USDA/ARS
12
Why the Rapid Adoption?Herbicide Tolerant Crops
  • Lower cost of weed control, even with technology
    fees
  • Greatly simplified control procedures
  • Higher degree of weed control
  • Fewer chemical applications less trips
  • Promotes more sustainable cultural practices
  • Less tillage, less compaction, narrower rows
  • Societal aspects (pride, landowner acceptance)

13
Higher degree of control at lower cost
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
14
And prevent disasters such as this
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
15
Why the Rapid Expansion?Insect Protection (PIPs)
  • High degree of control of target species
  • Safety to beneficial species
  • Human and environmental safety
  • Food/Feed safety
  • Applicator safety
  • Wildlife safety
  • Simplicity of control measures

16
PIPs aimed at the major insect pest complexes
Photo credit USDA/ARS
17
Plant-incorporated protectants designed to
avoid harm to beneficials
Photo credit USDA/ARS
18
Whats the Downside?Herbicide Tolerant Crops
  • Weed species shifts if integrated approach not
    used
  • Prevention and avoidance strategies
  • Continued field monitoring
  • Alternative chemical mode of action
  • Reduced availability of alternative MOAs
  • Temptation to just plant and spray

19
Weed resistance is a fact of life
Photo Craig Chism, Univ. of TN
20
Whats the Downside?PIPs
  • Risk of resistance development/selection
  • Major concern of organic community
  • Increased cost if populations below EIL
  • Protection present whether needed or not
  • Have led to secondary pest resurgence
  • Stinkbugs in cotton

21
Tarnished Plant Bug
Photo credit USDA/ARS
22
Where do we go from here?
Tacos, Chicken feed, or Plastic??
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
23
Meat, Milk, or Pharmaceuticals???
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
24
Weve only just begun
Photo credit USDA/NRCS
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