Geographical Areas

1
Geographical Areas

• By Kelly Croysdale
• John Castronova

2
Definitions

• Urban (metropolitan) Of, relating to, or
  connected in a city
• Example Youngstown
• Suburban A usually residential area or
  community outlaying a city
• Example Austintown
• Rural (nonmetropolitan) Of, relating to, or
  characteristic of the country
• Example Ellsworth

3
Population Distribution

• The population in living urban areas is
  approximately 225,956,060 (70.219 of U.S. total
  population.
• The population in rural areas is approximately
  59, 274, 456 (20. 781 of U.S. total population.)

Population
4
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Residence
Source Bureau of the Census
5
Urban, Suburban, Rural Victimization

• The average annual 1993-1998 violent crime rate
  in urban areas was about 74 higher than the
  rural rate and 37 higher than the suburban rate.
• Firearm usage in the commission of a violent
  crime was higher in urban areas (12) when
  compared to suburban (9) or rural areas (8).
• 19 in 20 suburban and rural households owned
  motor vehicles however, in suburban household
  the theft of motor vehicles was twice the rural
  rate.
• Urban (54) violent crime victims were more
  likely than suburban (47) or rural crime (34)
  victims to be victimized by a stranger.

Violence
6
Suburban violence focus

• Violent crime murder, rape, assault, robbery
  jumped 30 from 1985-1991
• Robberies in the suburbs were up 10
• The movement of large shopping centers and to the
  suburbs has increased opportunities for crime
• Crimes affecting the middle class and the
  well-to-do receive more media coverage
• Suburbs are becoming economically more
  diversified.

Violence
7
Suburban crime (continued)

• In Los Angeles suburbs, 405 guns were confiscated
  in schools in 1992, 28 of them in elementary
  schools.
• 36 of suburban teenagers personally knew someone
  who had been killed or injured from gunfire
  (compared with 40 of central city dwellers and
  43 of rural dwellers)

8
Urban, Suburban, Rural Health Care

• More than 20 million people in the United States
  live in areas that have a shortage of physicians
  to meet their basic health care needs.
• Lack of physicians is a common problem
• Inner-city lacks access to physicians because
  they are forced to travel on a crowded buses or
  on a convoluted mass transit system rather than
  by automobiles.
• The social problems of those living in urban
  communities, such as unemployment, has very
  negative effects on the health care of the people
  in this area.

Health Care
9
Health Care Table
Differences in Physician Population by
Location1995 Active Physicians Per
100,0005 Urban Large metro areas...............
.......................304 Small metro
areas......................................235
Rural gt10,000 persons adjacent to large
metro123
Health Care
10
Rural Health Care Focus

• Small towns face the loss of their medical
  services because they have no doctors to run
  their clinics.
• Rural America has 20 of the nations population
  but less than 11 of its physicians
• Certain rural regions have the highest levels of
  mortality and morbidity, often accompanied by the
  fewest health care resources.
• The rural environment presents extraordinary
  threats to health (e.g. machinery, pesticides)

Rural Health Care
11
Hospital closings in rural and urban locations,
1980-1998.
Rural Health Care
12
Achievement Gap

• Suburban schools far surpass urban and rural
  schools in areas such as funding, management, and
  the academic success of the attending students.
• In urban areas, 38 of 4th graders were below
  basic reading expectations set by school.
• Over 50 of urban schools display below average
  reading skills.

Schooling
13
Campus Structure Differences

• Urban
• Influenced by the city the university is located
  in
• Wide range of choices for entertainment,
  restaurants, housing
• Opportunity to live off-campus greater
• Wide array of activities on campus
• Easier to get distracted from studies

• Rural
• Opportunity to get in touch with nature
• Outdoor activities are abundant
• Communicate directly with faculty, staff, etc.
• Known by name
• Comfortable and safe
• Campus based activities are an enormous part

Colleges
14
Campus Picture Differences

• Urban
• The Ohio State University

• Rural
• Kenyan College

15
Mount Union

• What kind of campus are we?

16
References

• Update on the demography of rural disability.
  (2005). Retrieved Apr. 01, 2006, from RTC Rural
  Web site http//rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu/RuDis/
  RuDemography.htmAnother .
• Changing america. (1998). Retrieved Apr. 01,
  2006, from USinfo.state.gov Web site
  http//usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/society/divers
  e/ca.pdf.
• Urban, suburban, and rural victimization,
  1993-98. (2000). Retrieved Apr. 01, 2006, from
  U.S. Department of Justice Web site
  http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm
  .
• Clark, C. S. (1993). Suburban violence. CQ
  Researcher, Retrieved Apr 01, 2006, from
  http//library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/search.php
  ?fulltextSuburbanViolencebyCharlesClarkactio
  nnewsearchsortcustom3Asorthitsrank2Cd .

17
References

• Health care delivery rural vs. urban
  communities. (2006). Retrieved Apr. 01, 2006,
  from American Medical Student Association Web
  site http//www.amsa.org/programs/gpit/ruralurban
  .cfm .
• Ricketts, T. C. (2000). The changing nature of
  rural health care. Annual Review of Public
  Health, 21. Retrieved Apr 01, 2006, from
  http//arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.11
  46/annurev.publhealth.21.1.639?prevSearchauthorsf
  ield3A28ThomasC.Ricketts29 .
• Ulrich, E. S. (n.d.). Suburban and urban
  achievement gap. Retrieved Apr. 01, 2006, from
  UM. SiteMakjer Web site http//sitemaker.umich.ed
  u/esulrich/rural_vs._urban_vs._suburban
• Rural vs. urban campuses. (n.d.). Retrieved Apr.
  01, 2006, from American Graduate Education Web
  site http//www.americangraduateeducation.com/fol
  der1/subfolder1/ruralvurban.htm .