Bacteria

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Bacteria

• Living Prokaryotes

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Bacteria Vocab

• Prokaryote photoheterotroph
• Bacillus chemoautotroph
• Coccus binary fission
• Spirillum conjugation
• Flagellum endospore
• photoautotroph

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Prokaryotes

• Bacteria are prokaryotes.
• Prokaryote- single-celled organisms that lack a
  nucleus.

Nope! No Nucleus Here!
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2 Kingdoms of Bacteria

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria

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Eubacteria Review

• Larger of the two kingdoms.
• Live almost everywhere.
• Unicellular
• Microscopic
• Can make their own food (autotroph) or obtain
  food from the environment (heterotroph)
• Surrounded by a cell wall that contains a
  carbohydrate called peptidoglycan.

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Examples of Eubacteria

• the bacterium that causes the disease anthrax,
  Bacillus anthracis--E. coli, a common inhabitant
  of the gut--Streptococcus (one species causes
  strep throat)--Clostridium botulinum (causes
  botulism)--Oscillatoria (a common photosynthetic
  bacterium found in freshwater ponds)

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Archaebacteria Review

• About the same size as eubacteria.
• No nuclei
• unicellular
• No peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
• Membrane lipids are different.
• DNA is more similar to eukaryotesreason why
  scientists think they may be the ancestors of
  eukaryotes.

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Examples of Archaebacteria

• thermophiles
• halophiles

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Bacteria are identified by

• Shape
• Cell Walls
• Movement

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Shape

• Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)- rod-shaped
• Coccus (pl. Cocci)- sphere-shaped
• Spirillus (pl. Spirillum)- spiral and corkscrew
  shaped

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Cell Walls

• 2 Types in Eubacteria
• Gram positive
• Gram negative
• Gram positive look purple in microscope because
  they have peptidoglycan that absorbes dye.

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• Gram negative bacteria that look pink because
  cell walls contain carbohydrates that absorb only
  red stain.

Helicobacter Gram negative
Anthrax Gram positive
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Movement

• May use flagella
• Whip-like structures used for movement.
• Lash, snake, or spiral forward
• Glide along slime
• Some do not move at all

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Obtaining Energy

• Autotrophs
• Photoautotrophs use light for food
• Chemoautotrophs use chemicals
• Heterotrophs
• Photoheterotrophs capture sunlight but also
  need organic compounds

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Bacteria Growth and Reproduction

• Grow and divide very quickly.
• - Some every 20 minutes.
• Binary Fission-
• Asexual form of reproduction where bacteria
  replicate their DNA and divide in half producing
  2 new daughter cells.

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• Conjugation-
• Exchange of genetic information through a hollow
  bridge like structure between two bacterial cells.

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Pathogens
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