Notes: Bacteria

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Class Topics
Title Biology 4/16/08
Objectives

• To learn about bacteria

• Notes Bacteria
• Hide not your talents
• For use they were made
• What use is a sundial in the shade.
• Benjamin Franklin

Saturday, November 07, 2009 215 AM
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Class Assignments
By When
What

• Bacteria W.S. 4/17/08
• All Classification corrections 4/17/08
• Kingdom project (flyer) 4/18/08
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future

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Kingdom Project

• Kingdom description
• 18 pts.
• Member description
• 15 pts.
• Flyer
• 7 pts
• Total of 40 pts.
• Due 4/18/08
• Dont tell people how to do things. Tell them
  what to do and let them surprise you with their
  results.
• George Patton

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Eubacteria

• Common shapes
• Bacilli
• Rod-shaped
• Spirilla
• Spiral shaped
• Cocci
• Sphere shaped
• Streptococci chains
• Staphylococci grapelike clusters

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Gram Stain

• Gram positive
• Retain purple stain
• Gram negative
• Do not retain purple stain, retain pink
• Thicker peptidoglycan layer in Gram positive
• React differently to antibiotics and disinfectants

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Selected bacteria

• Cyanobacteria
• Photosynthetic
• Can form colonies
• Eutrophication due to nutrient increase
  (phosphates/nitrates)
• Population bloom
• Can use all oxygen in lake/pond
• Yersinia pestis
• Causes plague - Black Death
• 1347-1352 25 million deaths in Europe (1/3 of
  population)
• Bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic

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Structure

• Cell Wall
• Usually made of peptidoglycan
• Amino acids and carbohydrates
• Gram negative contain outer layer of lipids and
  carbs harder for antibiotics to affect
• Cell membrane
• Enzymes for cell respiration
• Photosynthetic have foldings like thylakoids

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Structure

• Capsules
• Protective polysaccharide coat
• Drying or immune system
• Pili
• Hair-like proteins used to attach to host cells

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Structure

• Endospores
• Some genera have dormant structures
• Surrounds DNA
• Survive high temp, harsh chem, drying, etc.
• Movement structures
• Flagella
• Slime
• Corkscrew
• wavelike

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Metabolism
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Antibiotics

• Read the handout
• Identify three ways in which antibiotics affect
  bacteria

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Bacteria and disease

• Exotoxins (Gram positive)
• Byproducts of bacteria
• Released continously
• Poisonous tetanus, botulism
• Endotoxins (Gram negative)
• Poisons in membranes
• Released upon death
• Damage blood vessels, fever, etc.
• Secrete enzymes used to destroy tissue
• feeding

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