The Civil Rights Movement

1
The Civil Rights Movement

• Chapter 24

2
Civil Rights Movement

• Obtained equal rights for African Americans and
  minorities.
• Ended segregation.

Little Rock Nine
Stokely Carmichael
3
Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement

• 14th Amendment to the US Constitution made
  African Americans citizens of the US
• 15th Amendment allowed African Americans the
  right to vote
• Civil Rights rights of citizens
• - free speech - freedom of religion
• - trial by a jury - access to courts
• - right to vote - right to travel
• - property ownership

4
Separate But Equal

• Plessy v. Ferguson
• created the separate-but-equal concept that
  allowed states to pass laws to segregate
  (separate) public facilities for blacks and
  whites
• Unofficially known as the Jim Crow laws

• Resulted in separate
• -restrooms
• -water fountains
• -schools
• -dining areas
• - waiting rooms

Bus Station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940
5
Black Political Organizations

• NAACP (National Association for the Advancement
  of Colored People) brought lawsuits against
  states cities that had laws discriminating
  against blacks
• CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) staged
  sit-ins, conducted voter registration drives,
  conducted freedom rides non-violent organization

6
Black Political Organizations

• SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
  confronted racial discrimination directly and
  peacefully founded by Rev. Martin Luther King,
  Jr.

7
Presidential Support for Civil Rights

• Harry S. Truman became president in 1945. He
  integrated the military and supported fair
  employment for African Americans
• Civil Rights Act of 1957
• established a Civil Rights Commission
• created a federal government agency
• encouraged blacks to vote

8
Civil Rights and Education

• Floyd McKissick the 1st African American to gain
  admission to the law school of UNC in 1951
• Brown v. Board of Education ruled the
  separate-but-equal concept unconstitutional

9
Civil Rights and Education

• Pearsall Plan a NC policy that
• took away a states right to assign students to
  schools, giving the local school board this
  right.
• urged blacks to accept segregation to keep peace.
• allowed local school boards to abolish schools if
  parents objected to integration.

10
Early Protests and Demonstrations

• Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus
  to a white person who was standing.
• Known as the Mother of the Civil Rights
  Movement.

Mrs. Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by D.H. Lackey
in Montgomery, Ala., on Feb. 22, 1956, two months
after refusing to give up her seat on a bus for a
white passenger on Dec. 1, 1955.
11
School Integration

• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of
  Education led to the integration of schools in
  Mecklenburg County through busing

12
Greensboro Sit-In

• On February 1, 1960, four students from NC AT
  College held a sit-in at Woolworths lunch
  counter.

• Led to the integration
• of
• -restaurants
• -motels
• -movie theaters
• -lunch counters
• -other public places

13

• SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating
  Committee) student led organization that
  combated racial inequality.

14
Public Protests and Demonstrations

• Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in achieving
  racial equality through non-violence leader at
  the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement.

15
Public Protests and Demonstrations

• The Civil Rights Act of 1964 required
• businesses to open their doors to all races
• school districts to avoid discrimination against
  minorities or lose federal funds

President Lyndon Johnson signing the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 into law.
16
Voting Registration Drives

• Voting Rights Act
• did away with literacy tests
• provided federal registrars in areas that had a
  low percentage of minorities registered

17
Decline of the Civil Rights Movement

• Ben Chavis Civil rights worker. He was asked to
  end the conflict in Wilmington, NC.
• Wilmington 10 a group of 10 people from
  Wilmington who opposed and protested unfair
  treatment in the South due to race they were
  charged with arson and being accessories to
  murder.