Overview%20on%20PCB%20Waste%20Management%20in%20Hong%20Kong

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Overview on PCB Waste Management in Hong Kong

• By Vivian TSUNG
• Research Survey Officer
• Hong Kong Consumer Council

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Importance of Proper Disposal of Chemical Waste

• Chemical wastes may pose serious environmental
  and health and safety hazards
• if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate
  manner.

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Hazards of Improper Disposal of Chemical Waste

• toxic effects to workers
• adverse effects on air, water and land from
  spills
• fire hazards
• biological disruption to sewage treatment works
  where waste enters the sewage system.

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Use of PCBs

• products containing PCBs are no longer available
  in HK market
• PCBs waste originate only from electrical
  capacitors manufactured since 1930s and are still
  in use
• Source Hong Kong Environmental Protection
  Department (EPD)

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• Source Hong Kong Environmental Protection
  Department (EPD)

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Small PCB capacitors manufactured in the past

• They have been used in
• starter units of fluorescent lights
• fractional horsepower motors (domestic)
• light-industrial electrical equipment
• contain about 50g of the lower chlorinated PCBs.
• Wastes which may contain PCBs should be treated
  as hazardous unless and until laboratory tests
  prove their absence

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Identification of PCB containing products

• Nameplates (Trade Names)
• Suppliers or Manufacturers
• Analysis by qualified laboratory.

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Removing PCBs

• required only when the equipment is no longer in
  use, and
• when it has been confirmed that equipment
  contains gt 50 ppm PCBs by weight.

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Removing PCBs by Drainage

• Repeated draining and flushing with mineral oil
  will eventually lower PCB content to acceptable
  levels (2mg/kg) -
• at the expense of generating large volumes of
  contaminated oil.

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The Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) Regulation
1992

• PCB waste is classified as a chemical waste
• the packaging, labelling, storage, collection and
  disposal of PCB waste is controlled
• For example
• handling by trained operators
• transport only by licensed carriers,
• storage in secure premises away from sensitive
  areas.

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Registration required before Disposal

• (1)as PCB waste producer (produces or causes to
  be produced PCB waste including old PCB
  equipment)
• (2)when they intend to dispose of any PCB waste
  including old PCB equipment

so that suitable disposal arrangements will be
directed
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Before Disposal Method is Directed

• PCBs waste producers are required to store the
  PCBs waste in a designated storage area.

Designated Storage Area
Specified Disposal Method to be directed
Notify EPD for Disposal
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Storage area for PCB Waste

• not be used for any other purposes
• be enclosed on at least 3 sides
• have adequate ventilation to prevent the
  formation of any dangerous or harmful
  concentration of vapour in the event of spillage
  or leakage.
• etc.

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PCB containersDouble bung metal drums

• Clearly marked with black indelible ink, against
  yellow background both on the top as well as on
  the curved surface

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Labelling for PCB Waste
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Safe disposal of PCBs

• By incineration
• ( gt 1100oC with a mean residence time of 2s and
  a min. excess O2 content of 3 .
• Arrangements could be made with
• the Chemical Waste Treatment Facility or
• experienced overseas waste disposal contractors
  (prior approval required)

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PCB wastes accepted at landfill sites

• Decontaminated PCB articles and small PCB
  capacitors (incorporated as a component of
  domestic appliances), which includes
• properly decontaminated containers and
• mechanical equipment such as pumps, heat
  exchangers, etc.

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Keeping Track Record

• Cradle-to-Grave control
• The Trip-Ticket System

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The Trip-Ticket System

• Keeping track of the movement of chemical waste
  from its point of arising to its final disposal
  site.

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PCBs alternatives

• By retrofilling with mineral oil - most common,
  but concern of increased flammability and fire
  risk
• Other alternatives
• to blanket the dielectric fluid with inert gases
  to reduce the risks of fire when electrical
  equipment overheats.
• use of alternative organo-chlorine materials and
  of some new formulations

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Replacement of PCBs in HK

• non-PCB materials are gaining wider use (e.g.
  fluorescent light fittings)
• use in domestic appliances diminishing due to
  design changes

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Education and Training

• Accessible at the government web sites
• The Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General)
  Regulation
• A Code of Practice on the Handling,
  Transportation and Disposal of PCB Waste

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Looking Forward...

• With the wider recognition of the potential
  hazards associated with PCBs, the use of PCB
  equipment is diminishing.
• However, PCB wastes will continue to be produced
  for many years from the gradual replacement of
  existing PCB equipment and retrofilled equipment.

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Conclusion

• (1) Safe disposal of PCB waste and
• (2) Guidelines on Proper PCB waste disposal
• important to ensure PCB waste be disposed in an
  appropriate manner, in order to minimize the
  impact on the environment.

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