Carbon Cycle Observations and Analyses

1
Carbon Cycle Observations and Analyses
Britt Stephens, NCAR and NIWA
2
Seasonal variations in O2 and CO2 in Southern
Ocean Air ? Scripps Flask Network and Baring
Head Continuous Measurements
Palmer Station minus Cape Grim and South Pole
average
Q1) Are global ocean biogeochemistry models
accurately representing the complex thermal and
biological influences in the Southern Ocean? Q2)
How much CO2 is emitted by the Southern Ocean
each winter?
3
Response of Southern Ocean ventilation to changes
in winds and response of carbon fluxes to
changes in ventilation ? Baring Head, Scripps,
and NOAA CO2, Baring Head and Arrival Heights N2O
and 14CO2
GlobalView Seasonal peak, trough, and mean over
the Southern Ocean
Q) What role will the Southern Ocean play in
future CO2 uptake?
Le Quéré et al., Science 2007
4
Shipboard O2 and CO2 measurements can greatly
increase Southern Ocean data coverage
R/V Lawrence M. Gould
R/V Tangaroa
R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer
5
Autonomous Inexpensive Robust CO2 Analyzer
(AIRCOA)
NCAR - NOAA 0.07 0.21 ppm n 347
Regional Atmospheric Continuous CO2 Network in
the Rocky Mountains (Rocky RACCOON,
http//raccoon.ucar.edu)
6
CarbonTracker observing system simulation
experiments (OSSEs) and wind field analyses
0.1 PgCyr-1 in, 0.08 out 0.1 PgCyr-1 in,
0.01 out figures courtesy A. Jacobsen
Q1) Can New Zealand carbon fluxes be constrained
from atmospheric concentration measurements? Q2)
What would the optimal location be for a third
continuous CO2 instrument?
7
HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations of Atmospheric
Tracers
HIPPO (PIs Harvard, NCAR/NIWA, Scripps, and
NOAA) A global and seasonal survey of CO2, O2,
CH4, CO, N2O, H2, SF6, COS, CFCs, HCFCs, O3, H2O,
and hydrocarbons
NCAR Airborne O2 Instrument
5 loops over next 3 years, starting in January
2009
8
START-08/pre-HIPPO Campaign, April - June 2008,
descent into Grand Forks, North Dakota