GMES Forum

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GMES FORUM Exhibition HallServices in support of
security issues Service demonstrator Support
to Conflict Prevention and Mitigation

• GMES Forum
• Lille, 16-17 September 2008

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation Introduction
Conflict Prevention to act before a crisis
occurs, underlining the necessity of possess the
relevant information tools for political and
military monitoring
In 2003 the European Security Strategy (ESS) was
adopted by the European Council clustered into 5
major security threats

• Regional Conflicts
• State Failure
• Terrorism
• Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
  (WMD)
• Organised Crime

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation Introduction

• Regional Conflicts
• have indirect or direct impacts on European
  interests
• threaten regional stability
• destroy human lives as well as social and
  physical infrastructure
• threaten minorities, fundamental freedoms and
  human rights
• can lead to extremism, terrorism and state
  failure
• provides opportunities for organised crime

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation GMES Services
within the context of regional conflicts

• Two requests were handled in early summer 2008
  using GMES services
• Request from DG RELEX for information concerning
  5 locations in Darfur
• Request from EUFOR TCHAD OHQ for information
  about 2 locations in Chad

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Support to DG RELEXDARFUR

• GMES Forum

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur DG
RELEX Request

• Information concerning 5 locations (3 villages
  and 2 IDP camps) in Darfur
• Detailed Damage Assessment for Abu Sorouj, Sirba
  and Dagrase
• Camp Structure Dwelling Density Mapping for Zam
  Zam and Zalingei

IDP Internally Displaced Person
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Work
Plan

• Data Acquisition and programming EUSC, JRC,
  SERTIT, DLR, Z_GIS
• Data Provision EUSC, JRC, DLR
• Pre-Processing Joanneum, DLR
• Abu Sorouj Sirba DLR
• Dagrase SERTIT
• Zam Zam Zalingei Z_GIS , JRC

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Data
Acquisition
Acquisition of QuickBird Data
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
Damage Assessment
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment ABU SOROUJ
QuickBird FEB 2008
Roads derived from QuickBird 2008
Dwellings Green intact Red burned Yellow
other building Blue tent
Building Blocks Red Burned down in Feb
2008 Yellow Urban area in March 2006 Blue
Urban area in February 2008
QuickBird MAR 2006
Final Map Product delivered to DG RELEX
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment SIRBA
Final Map Product delivered to DG RELEX
Dwellings Green intact Red burned Yellow
other building Blue tent
Building Blocks Blue Urban area in May 2008
QuickBird NOV 2006
QuickBird May 2008
Roads derived from QuickBird 2008
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment DAGRASE

• Dagrase, Darfur, Sudan
• DG RELEX Requirements
• Monitor Dagrases urban changes between end 2007
  and spring 2008
• These might be related to militia activities in
  February
• No detailed information about militias activities
  are available
• A case where remote sensing could provide
  information by indicating the nature/condition of
  buildings

Dagrase, located 25 km SW of Nyala
Burnt hut/village, South Darfur (Source 
Amnesty International)
Tukuls dwellings, South Darfur (Source 
6climats6habitats)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment DAGRASE
December 2007
May 2008

• Major differences observed between December 2007
  and May 2008 images
• Many dwellings seem to have been already
  destroyed in December 2007
• Apart from a fire affected area, Dagrase saw much
  construction new quarters were developed, a
  compound and tents were set-up, huts and parcel
  boundaries were rebuilt

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment DAGRASE
Dagrase - Fire affected area
December 2007
May 2008
An area was hit in early 2008 by fires with
dwellings being affected
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment Dagrase
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment Dagrase
Semi-automatic change detection

• This change indicator doesnt indicate the type
  of change or cause
• An aide to rapid mapping photo-interpretation

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation -
Darfur Damage Assessment Dagrase
Monitoring Dagrase between December 2007 and May
2008 Major Findings
It seems that many dwellings (including tents)
and other buildings have been built since
December 2007 in and around Dagrase

• Dagrase was very difficult to be identified as a
  village in the December 2007 image
• Many shells of huts seem to be observed
• Very little urban structure is apparent
• Fire did affect a relatively large area before
  May 2008 affecting many huts
• Many new dwellings (tents/huts) have been
  established
• It seems that many huts remain destroyed and not
  yet rebuilt

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
Camp Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
Automated extraction of dwelling based on
transferable rule-sets (Zam Zam IDP camp)
2002
2004
2008
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Automated extraction of different types of
dwellings in the Zam Zam IDP camp from QuickBird
imagery (Green extracted tents, red
traditional roundhuts)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Automated extraction (right) of different types
of dwellings in the Zalingei IDP camp from
QuickBird imagery (left) (Green extracted
tents, purple traditional roundhuts)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Dwelling densities
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Dwelling density maps based on the automatically
extracted dwellings in the Zam Zam IDP camp for
three different dates (2002, 2004, 2008)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Dwelling density maps based on the automatically
extracted dwellings in the Zalingei IDP camp for
two different dates (2004, 2008)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Camp structures
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
?
?
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ZamZam 2008 - QuickBird
Initial segmentation
Classification of different dwelling types
?
?
?
Camp structure derivation based on a multi-scale
classification
High-level segmentation
Camp structure derivation based on the ratio of
the different dwellings types extracted in the
Zam Zam IDP camp
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Camp structure maps based on the automatically
extracted dwelling types in the Zam Zam IDP camp
for three different dates (2002, 2004, 2008)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Camp outline
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Camp outline delineation based on the
automatically extracted dwellings in Zalingei
(left) and Zam Zam (right) IDP camp. Camp outline
is automatically derived based on dwelling
density and smoothing algorithms.
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Automatically delineated camp outline (Zalingei
IDP camp for two different dates 2004, 2008)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur Camp
Structure Dwelling Density Mapping
Automatically delineated camp outline (Zam Zam
IDP camp for three different dates 2002, 2004,
2008)
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
Impact Assessment
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Darfur
Zam Zam
QuickBird June 2002
QuickBird May 2008
2 km
Modis EVI Feb. 2008
Significant Neg. Trend
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Support to EUFOR CHAD/RCA

• GMES Forum

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
CONFLICT BACKGROUND

• Current Civil War ongoing in Chad since December
  2005.
• The conflict involved Chad government forces and
  several Chad rebel groups
• The Government of Chad estimated in January 2006
  that 614 Chad citizens had been killed in
  cross-border raids.

EUFOR CHAD FHQ

• Fighting has persisted, after several failed
  agreement attempts.
• The civil war had deep connections to
• War in Darfur
• Central African Republic Bush War

Abdi
SELECTED LOIs
Kerfi
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
CONTEXT

• On 25 September 2007, the UN Security Council
  unanimously adopted Resolution 1778. In the
  Resolution, the UN Security Council authorizes
  the European Union to deploy a force of up to
  4,000 troops to Chad for a period of one year.
• The full mandate for the EUFOR Mission includes
  the following tasks
• Protect civilians in danger, particularly
  refugees and displaced persons.
• Facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and
  the free movement of humanitarian personnel by
  helping to improve security in the area of
  operations.
• Protect UN personnel, facilities, installations
  and equipment and ensure the security and freedom
  of movement of its staff and associated personnel.

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
USER REQUEST

• ?EUFOR TCHAD OHQ request to GMES via the EUSC
• BRIEFING and PLANNING products for EUFOR CHAD/RCA
  Operation
• Proposal of topics to cover
• Priority focused on providing an Operational
  EUFOR Product following standards defined between
  EUSC and EUFOR OHQ.
• Operational deadlines
• Product to be delivered in 44 hours
  (requirement for intelligence products) for
  mapping products requirement is less critical.
• Locations of Interest Abdi Kerfi Refugee
  Camps

• Requirement for this service is to gather
  accurate information over
• Mapping Refugees Camp (EUSC Standard Task for
  OHQ)
• Population Monitoring (GMES value added)

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
GMES RESPONSE

• ACTION PLAN
• EUSC prepared the request with OHQ (gathering
  technical requirements from users).
• As soon as Imagery is available, the Service
  Chain involving several GMES partners was
  activated to provide the best product possible
  within deadline.
• EUSC quality checked the product and delivered it
  to EUFOR OHQ.
• Operational Headquarter (OHQ)

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
SERVICE WORKFLOW
Processing
Analysis / Feature Extraction
Integration / Intelligence reporting
Delivery
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
USER FEEDBACK

• OPERATIONAL SERVICE OUTCOMES
• Operational Products
• Time constraints are well taken into account
  (2 days draft products, 4 days final products
  for Kerfi LOI)
• Quality and standards used in production
  correspond to EUFOR requirements.
• Products qualified for operational use
• 2. Added Value Products
• 3. New means of Product Dissemination

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
OPERATIONAL SERVICE OUTCOMES
Kerfi LOI Operational Product
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
OPERATIONAL SERVICE OUTCOMES
Abdi LOI Operational Product
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
USER FEEDBACK

• 1. Operational Products
• 2. Added Value Products
• Population Growth useful indication for
  preparing operations
• Identification of feasible water, food supply
  delivery points
• Identification of overpopulated spots, possibly
  sources of conflict
• IDPs return indicators
• Interested in discussing requirements with GMES
  for other value added products such as
• Water resource Management/Monitoring
• 3. New means of Product Dissemination

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
Kerfi LOI Population Monitoring
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
Abdi LOI Population Monitoring
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
USER FEEDBACK

• 1. Operational Products
• 2. Added Value Products
• 3. New means of Product Dissemination
• Promising tool for sharing with actors
• User friendly interface.
• Useful tool to share unclassified information via
  Internet with other entities such as UN, ONGs,
  local actors, etc.
• Interest to discuss requirements with GMES
• Overall definition of tool requirements
• Security procedures for accessing data
• Interface definition

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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad
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Conflict Prevention and Mitigation - Chad

• General Outcomes and achievements
• GMES has proven that it can provide products
  useful for EU operations by establishing
  synergies with already existing operational
  capacities.
• EUFOR CHAD would like to further strengthen
  cooperation with GMES as it is an opportunity to
  gather additional resources to supports future
  operations.