LIDAR Data Visualization

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LIDAR Data Visualization
LIDAR Vegetation Measurement
Click on image

• Raw LIDAR point cloud, Capitol Forest, WA
• LIDAR points colored by orthophotograph

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Canopy fuels measurement with LIDAR and IFSAR

• Hans-Erik Andersen
• Gerard Schreuder
• James Agee
• Precision Forestry Cooperative
• University of Washington, Seattle
• Steve Reutebuch, Bob McGaughey, Ward Carson
• USDA Forest Service
• PNW Research Station
• Silviculture and Forest Models Team
• Seattle, Washington

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Canopy fuel mapping using active remote sensing
technologies

• Airborne laser scanning (LIDAR)
• Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR)
• High resolution in 0.1 -- 5 m range both vert.
  horizontal
• Direct measurement of 3-D structure
• Forest vegetation terrain
• Spatially-explicit data for input to fire
  behavior models
• FARSITE, BEHAVE, etc.
• GIS coverages

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Objectives of JFSP project

• LIDAR and IFSAR for estimation and mapping of
  canopy fuels
• Canopy cover
• Canopy height
• Canopy base height
• Canopy bulk density
• Canopy fuel weight
• Comparison to field estimates at plot-level
• Technology transfer
• Publications, workshops, seminars
• Data processing software

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Study Sites

• Capitol State Forest, Western Washington
• (Washington State DNR)
• Fort Lewis Military Reservation, Western
  Washington
• (US Army, DOD)
• Mission Creek FFS site, Eastern Washington

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Airborne Laser Mapping LIDAR (LIght Detection
And Ranging)

• 5,000 80,000 laser pulses / sec
• Captures multiple (2-5) reflections per laser
  pulse
• Point density 1 20 pts. / sq. m.
• Laser reflections produce a large cloud of XYZ
  points

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LIDAR Terrain Mapping in Forests
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(No Transcript)
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Canopy Surface Model
Minus
Terrain Surface Model
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LIDAR Vegetation Height Model (LIDAR Canopy
minus LIDAR Ground DEM)
Canopy Height (m)
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LIDAR data visualization
Click on image
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LIDAR Data Visualization
Click on image

• Raw LIDAR point cloud, Capitol Forest, WA
• LIDAR points colored by orthophotograph
• FUSION visualization software developed for point
  cloud display measurement

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LIDAR-based Canopy Cover Estimation
Canopy Cover Canopy hits / Total hits 13
/ 20 65
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LIDAR-based Canopy Cover Estimation
Orthophoto
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Plot-level LIDAR canopy fuel measurement

• Plot-level LIDAR metrics can be used to estimate
  canopy fuel parameters
• Canopy height
• Canopy base height
• Canopy bulk density
• Canopy fuel weight
• Field-based canopy fuel estimates generated using
  Scott and Reinhardt approach (2001)

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Plot-level LIDAR canopy fuel measurement

• 135 plots established at Capitol Forest across
  range of stand ages
• Plot-level canopy fuel variables estimated using
  regression models

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Plot-level LIDAR canopy fuel measurement
Click on image

• Distribution of LIDAR point data within 1/5 ac.
  plot

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Plot-level LIDAR canopy fuel measurement
Click on image

• Distribution of crown fuel models within plot

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Plot-level LIDAR canopy fuel measurement
Click on image

• Distribution of crown fuel models LIDAR data
  within plot

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Plot-level LIDAR Canopy Height

• (R 2 0.98)
• LIDAR-derived (x) vs. field (y)

Line shows 11 relationship
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LIDAR Canopy Height GIS Layer
(30 m pixels)
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Plot-level LIDAR Canopy Base Height

• (R 2 0.87)

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LIDAR Canopy Base Height GIS Layer
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Plot-level LIDAR Canopy Bulk Density

• (R 2 0.85)

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LIDAR Canopy Bulk Density GIS Layer
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Plot-level LIDAR Canopy Fuel Weight

• (R 2 0.87)

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LIDAR Canopy Fuel Weight GIS Layer
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IFSAR Technology Overview(Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture Radar)

• Microwave sensor
• Multiple frequencies polarities

• X-band (canopy)
• P-band (terrain)

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IFSAR Technology Overview

• Up to 10,000 sq km per hour data collection
  rate!
• Lower resolution than LIDAR (0.25-2m)
• Costs for data much lower than LIDAR
• IFSAR data characterizes
• Terrain surface
• Vegetation canopy structure
• Biomass fuels

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IFSAR Data Visualization
X-band canopy measurements (color coded by
height)
P-band ground surface (gray)
Orthophoto
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IFSAR backscatter image
X-band radar reflectance image, Capitol Forest
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IFSAR Canopy Height Model
Orthophoto
IFSAR Data
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Plot-level IFSAR canopy fuel measurement

• Plot-level IFSAR metrics can be used to estimate
  canopy fuel parameters
• Canopy height
• Canopy base height
• Canopy bulk density
• Canopy fuel weight
• All measures are hi-res, geospatial data at
  landscape-level ? GIS layers of fuel variables

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Plot-level IFSAR canopy fuel measurement
Click on image

• Crown fuel models IFSAR elevations within plot

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Plot-level IFSAR Canopy Height

• (R 2 0.88)

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Plot-level IFSAR Canopy Base Height

• (R 2 0.87)

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Plot-level IFSAR Canopy Bulk Density

• (R 2 0.78)

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Plot-level IFSAR Canopy Fuel Weight

• (R 2 0.80)

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Conclusions (to date)

• LIDAR and IFSAR provide accurate measurement of
• Terrain
• Fuel variables
• Canopy cover
• Canopy height
• Canopy base height
• Canopy bulk density weight
• LIDAR
• High resolution measurements (lt 1 m)
• 1 2 per acre
• IFSAR
• Very high collection rate ( 10,000 sq km per
  hour)
• Lower resolution than LIDAR (1-2 m)
• Lower cost ( 0.15 per acre)

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Products and Technology Transfer

• Papers (8)
• Conference presentations (7)
• PhD dissertation (1)
• Seminars and workshops
• USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis team,
  Portland, OR (1/04)
• USFS Forestry Sciences lab, Olympia, WA (3/04)
• Fort Lewis Forestry Department (3/04)
• Stand Management Cooperative meeting, (4/04)
• USFS Forestry Sciences lab, Moscow, ID (planned
  5/04)
• Website

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Project timeframe

• LIDAR and IFSAR data collection completed at
  westside sites (Capitol Forest, Fort Lewis)
• 1-yr delay at Mission Creek FFS site due to
  delays in prescribed burns
• Project complete by summer, 2005
• 1-yr no-cost extension requested

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Thank You !!!
Click on image

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Future JFSP-funded IFSAR research on 2003 SoCal
Fires

• Mapping of pre-fire fuels loading
• and burn intensity using
• pre-fire SoCal IFSAR data-set and
• post-fire multispectral imagery
• JFSP-funded
• 10 million acres of WUI
• Covers all 5 major fires in pre-fire condition
• Also hi-res multispectral, post-fire imagery
  available for fires
• Multiple collaborators
• Public domain data