Session 4: Interaction between local populations

1
Session 4 Interaction between local
populations tourists

• Karina M. Smed

2
Agenda 9-28-2006

• Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
• Platforms for tourism
• Tourism as a source of change
• Student presentation Susanne
• Group Work

3
Global Code of Ethics for Tourism(www.world-touri
sm.org)

• article 1
• Tourisms contribution to mutual understanding
  and respect between peoples and societies
• article 2
• Tourism as a vehicle for individual and
  collective fulfilment
• article 3
• Tourism, a factor of sustainable development
• article 4
• Tourism, a user of the cultural heritage of
  mankind and contributor to its enhancement
• article 5
• Tourism, a beneficial activity for host
  countries and societies

4
Platforms for tourism

• Advocacy
• Cautionary
• Adaptancy
• Knowledge-based

5
Gambia as an example (after Denison Nash
Tourism as acculturation or development, 1996)

• Source of income agriculture (peanuts)
• Lacks foreign currency
• Tourism is a real possibility for economic growth
• Outside support is a necessity
• Advocacy higher pay and more employment
• Cautionary very few new jobs, social problems
  and no local control

6
What is appropriate involvement?

• The knowledge-based platform
• objectivity

7
Effects of tourism

• Ripple effect
• Demonstration effect
• Adaption effect

8
Scientific difficulties

• Evidence of connections
• Methodology

9
Acculturation or development

• development often economic i.e. measured by
  economic progress spread out to the whole
  community via ripple effect
• Acculturation often socio-cultural change
  demonstration effect eventually leads to
  acculturation

10

• Tourism may be both?
• Power relations tourism as imperialism
• Succesful/unsuccesful development
• Lønstrup Løkken different approaches

11
Culture shock

• it is when people nurtured in () different
  psychological worlds meet that differences in
  cultural perspectives and communicative codes may
  sabotage efforts to understand one another.
  Repeated collisions between a foreigner and the
  members of a contrasting culture often produce
  what is called culture shock. it is a feeling of
  helplessness, even of terror or anger, that
  accompanies working (and being) in an alien
  society. One feels trapped in an absurd and
  indecipherable nightmare. (Bennett, 199847)

12
Tourist experiences and reactions

• Culture shock
• Irritations
• The role of the guide
• Culture clash
• Cultural context
• Tourist types and frequency
• Cohen predetermined reaction

13
Student Presentation Susanne
14
Group Work Poor Tourist Attractions

• which departure point could the advocacy and
  cautionary platforms be assumed to take here?
• how is the adaptancy platform represented in the
  text?
• How does this example fit with Global Code of
  Ethics? What do you think of these ethical rules,
  and what can they be used for?