Pronouns

1

• Pronouns
• and
• Numerals

2
Personal Pronouns

• Subject form Object form
• I me
• you you
• he him
• she her
• it it
• we us
• they them

3
Pronouns

• replace a noun or a noun phrase.
• I have lost my money. Have you seen it?
• My daughter plays the drums. Have you heard her?

4
Note for Swedes!

• The Swedish det can be dealt with in different
  ways
• It
• There

5
It

• Real subject clause
• It is a pity that he doesnt want to help us.
• Real subject infinitive
• It is nice to be home.

6
There

• Real subject noun
• There is an elk in the garden.
• Real subject noun phrase
• There has to be another explanation.
• Real subject pronoun
• There must be something wrong.

7
Use there in the following

• Det finns
• Det står
• Det råder
• Det ligger
• Det förekommer
• Det återstår

8
Reflexive pronouns

• end in self in the singular
• end in selves in the plural
• They reflect the meaning of a noun somewhere
  else in the sentence
• Maggie dressed herself.
• The children washed themselves.

9
After prepositions of place

• We do not use reflexive pronouns after
  prepositions of place. Instead we use a personal
  pronoun.
• I put a table between us.
• The cat jumped up beside me.

10
Figurative use

• Used figuratively we can have reflexive pronouns
  after prepositions of place.
• Between ourselves, the meal was terrible.
• I was beside myself with worry.

11
Note for Swedes

• Some verbs are reflexive in Swedish, but not in
  English, i.e. they have a reflexive pronoun in
  Swedish
• behave uppföra sig
• hide gömma sig
• hurry skynda sig
• marry gifta sig
• sit down sätta sig
• worry oroa sig

12
Definite article/possessive pronoun?

• Use the possessive pronoun if the owner is the
  subject, the owned thing the object and it is an
  active clause
• She lost her balance.
• Hon tappade balansen.

13

• He punched her in the arm.
• (the arm does not belong to him)
• I was bitten in the leg by a rabid dog.
• (this is a passive sentence)

14
Note for Swedes

• Swedish uses two uniting pronouns,
• e.g. min och din doktor
• English uses one uniting and one independent
  pronoun
• e.g. your doctor and mine
• Note that in English the other person comes first!

15
Den som De som

• In a general sense, with no specific person
  referred to
• Den som parkerar här får böter.
• Anyone who
• Whoever
• People who
• Those who

16
Den som De som

• In a specific sense
• Den som öppnade dörren måste ha varit tokig!
• The one who
• The person who
• Whoever

17
Numbers

• Note!
• Femtusen 5.000
• Five thousand 5,000 or 5 000

18
Plurals

• There is no plural s on dozen, score, hundred,
  thousand, million, billion
• three dozen rolls, seven million barrels of
  porter
• Exception
• thousands of soldiers tusentals