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Modern Finance

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?????? ???. ?????? ?????. ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ... Harry Roberts 1959. ???? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Modern Finance


1
?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
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1377
2
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? Modern
Finance ????? ??? 1350
??????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????
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3
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???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??????
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4
????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????
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????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????
? ????? ? ???????? ???? (bias) ?????. ????? ????
???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???. ??????? ???????
?????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????
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???????. ???????? ???? ???? (?????? ??????).
???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????
???? ??? ??????? (???????? ???????). ????
????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
5
??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???. ????? ???????
?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ?????
????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????
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????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ??
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?????????? ?????????
6
???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????
??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??
?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???
???? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??
???? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ?
???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????
????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????
?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????
????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??
??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???.
7
?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???
???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????
??? ??????? ?????
?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????
??? ??????? ?????
???????????
??????? ????? ??
???????? ??????? ????
8
????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????
???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??
???????? ??????? (fair game)? ??? ??? ????????
(submartingle model) ? ??? ??? ?????? (random
walk model) ???? ????? ???? ???? ???. ?????
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? (?????? ????? ?
???) ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???.
??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???. ?????
?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? t? ????? ?? ??????
??????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???.
9
????????? ??? ?????? Harry Roberts 1959 ????
??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ?????
??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????.
??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????
??????. 1959 ?????? Osborne ???????? ????? ????
???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????
????? ??? ?????? Browinan motion ??????? ??? ??
??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ???????
??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????.
10
????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????
??????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? 1962 ?
????? ???? 1965 ? ?????? ? ????? ????? 1963 ?????
????? ?????? ? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ?????
??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???.
???????? ????? 1951 ?? 1958? 29 ??? ?????? ? ??
???? ??????? 6- ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????
???????? ????? ??????? ???. ???? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ???? 5 ??? 1962 ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????
???? 3 ????. ??????? ???? ?? ????? (lag) ??
????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ( ?????)? ??
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????
?????. (???????? ? ???? ????? ???????) ??????
???? ????? ??.
11
????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? (?????? ???????
?????) 68 ?? 73? 70 ???? 5 ??? ????? ???????
?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????
????? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???
???. ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
log ??????? ??????? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ????
???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????
???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???
???????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????????
?????? (??????? ?????) ??????? ??????. ????
????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? Run Test ????? ????
??????? ??. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????
?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ?????
???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????.
12
????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????
?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????
???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????
??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
???? ? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ??
?????? 1927 ?? ?????? 1959 ?? ???? ?? ?????
?????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????
??? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???
????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????
???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????
??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????
?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?
??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.
13
??? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? 1942 ?? 1960 ???
????? 261 ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????.
??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???
???? ????? ? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????
?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????
??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????
???????? ???? ???. ??????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???
???
14
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??
????
15
????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????.
??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????
????????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
?????? ????? ?????. ????????? ?? ???????? ??
????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????.
???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? Moern Finance
New Finance
16
??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??
??? 1992 ?? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ??????
???? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? 1962 ?? 1989
???? ???????? ????? ?? NYSE? AMEX ? NASDAQ
??? financial firms ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??
???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????
??????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????
?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ???
???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????.
Cross- section of expected stock - returns
?????? (Fama ? French)
17
???????? ???? ??? (growth stocks) ????
????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
???? ???? (value stocks) ???? ????? ????
????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????
? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ???
1 ????? ?? 10 ???? ????? ????? ??. ??????? ?? ??
???? 200 ??? ???. ???? ????? ???? ????? ??
????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
10 9 8 7
6 5 4 3 2
1
?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???
?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ????
????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????
?????????? ?? ??? 1990 ????? ????.
?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????
?????? (90-63) ?????? ?????.
18
??? ????? ??????
21/4 ???? ???? ???? 8 ???? ???? ???
?????? ???
25
20
15
10
????
???
5
10 9 8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1
????? ?? ???? 10 ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???
???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.
19
?????? ? ??? 1-1
25
Annualized rate of return
20
15
10
Value
Growth
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
High Book/Market Low
Book/Market
FIGURE 1.1. Book to market as a predictor of
return
20
?????? FF ( ??? ???? ???? ????? ????
) FF ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???
?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????
????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????
????. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??????? ??? ??
???? 10 ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??.
10 9 8 7
6 5 4 3 2
1
???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????
???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
(???????90-62) ?????? ??. ????? ?? ?????? ????
???.
21
???? ????? ?? ?????
0/9
0/8
0/7
0/6
???
1/8 1/6 1/4 1/2 1 0/8
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????
???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????
???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???.
22
?????? A.C. Mackinlay stock prices do not
follow random walks ????? 1988 ???? ??????? ????
??????? ?????? ????? (?? ?????????) ?? ?? ????
????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????. ? ??????????
(volatility) ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 2 ????? 4
????? 8 ???? ? 16 ???? ?????? ??. ????? ??? ????
????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.
23
?????????? ????
?????? ????
????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
Source Lo, A.W., and A.C., Mackinlay, Stock
Prices Do Not Follow Random Walks Evidence from
a Simple Specification Test, Review of Financial
Studies, 1988, Vol.1, Table 2.
FIGURE 2.6. Volatility relative to a series with
no reversals or inertia
24
In Search of Excellence ??? ??? ????? ??? ??
R.H. Waterman ? T.J. Peter ?????????? ????? ?????
??? ?? ?? ??? 1980-1961 ????? ?????? ? ????? ???
?? ?????? ?????. 1- ??? ????????? (80-61) 2-
??? ???? ????? (80-61) 3- ???? ????? ???? ?????
?? ???? ????? (80-61) 4- ????? ????? ?????????
(80-61) 5- ????? ????? ???? ???? (80-62) 6- ????
????? ??? ???? ?? ???? (80-61)
25
?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? excellent ?
unexcellent. ??????? ?? 6 ?????? ????? ???? ???.
?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????
26
24
78.?21
22
20
43.?18
05.?19
18
04.?16
16
14
12
10
62.?8
09.?7
8
93.?5
6
88.?4
76.?3
4
46.?2
49.?2
2
62.?0
0
????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??
???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???
????????? ?????? ????
???????????? ?? ?????
???????? ???????
???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ? ???????
(1980-1976)
27
Jround of Finance ?????? FF ????? ??????
????? ? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????
1990-1941 NYSE ????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ???
???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?
????????? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ?? 10 ???? ?????
????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????
??????. ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??.
?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ?
????????? ?? 10 ???? ????? ??. ?? ???? ????
??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????.
28
?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?
?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??. ????? ?????? ????
???? ????? ? ????
???) ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???
??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????.

?) ?????? ????
????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.
29
????? ???????
30
25
20
??? ????
15
10
???
5
0/6 0/8 1/0 1/2 1/4 1/6
1
Source Fama, E. and K. French, The
Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns, Journal
of Finance, No. 2, Table AII.
30
30
25
??? ???? ????
??? ???????
20
15
??? ????
10
??? ???? ????
???
5
1/8 1/6 1/4 1/2
1/0 0/8 0/6
Source Fama, E. and K. French, The
Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns, Journal
of Finance, Vol.47, No. 2. Table AII.
????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? (????
??????? 1990-1941)
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