CPR

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CPR

• CARDIOPULMONARY
• RESUCITATION

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The Chain of Survival

• The sequence of actions that will maximize
  survival after cardio-respiratory emergencies.
• If any of the links is missing or weak (action
  delayed or not performed correctly), the
  victims outcome is likely to be poor.
• The Chain of Survival applies to all victims of
  cardiac and respiratory emergencies and stroke.

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Chain of Survival for Adults

• Early access (call 911 or other emergency
  response number)

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Chain of Survival for Adults

• Early access (call 911 or other emergency
  response number)
• Early CPR

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Chain of Survival for Adults

• Early access (call 911 or other emergency
  response number)
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation

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Chain of Survival for Adults

• Early access (call 911 or other emergency
  response number)
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced life support

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Chain of Survival for Pediatric Victims

• Prevention of injuries and cardiac arrest
• Early CPR
• Early access (call 911 or other emergency
  response number)
• Early advanced life support

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Calling 911

• When should I call?
• Any unresponsive victim
• Heart attack, stroke, choking, major injuries,
  shock.

• Reply with short, specific answers
• Stay calm and listen to the dispatcher

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Information youll need

• What is the emergency?

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Information youll need

• What is the emergency?
• Where is the emergency?
• Address, building etc. Be specific!

• What number are you calling from?
• The dispatcher may now ask you to stay on
  the line or hang up. They can provide you with
  help until rescuers arrive.

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CPR

• FACT
• Victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who
  receive CPR by bystanders are more than twice as
  likely to survive as victims who do not receive
  such support

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Heart Attack

• A heart attack means some heart muscle has
  suddenly started to die.
• The muscle is dying because one or more of the
  blood vessels of the heart have become blocked.

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Heart Attack--What are the signs?

• A person having a heart attack is usually awake
  and can talk to you.

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Heart Attack--What are the signs?

• CHEST PAIN IS A RED FLAG!

• Chest pain or pressure in the center of the
  chest. The pain may travel to the neck or jaw or
  down the left arm.
• This is the most common and most important
  symptom of heart attack
• The pain usually lasts more than 3-5 minutes

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Chest Pain

• From the center
• of the chest
• radiating
• outward.

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Heart Attack--What are the signs?

• OTHER SIGNS--victim may be vague
• Lightheadedness or feeling dizzy
• Fainting or loss of responsiveness
• Sweating--breaking out in a cold sweat without
  a fever

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Heart Attack--What are the signs?

• OTHER SIGNS--victim may be vague
• Lightheadedness or feeling dizzy
• Fainting or loss of responsiveness
• Sweating--breaking out in a cold sweat without
  a fever
• Nausea--usually without vomiting
• Shortness of breath--when associated with chest
  pain this can be very worrisome

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Heart Attack--What are the signs?

• Many people will not admit they are having a
  heart attack.
• When a person with symptoms of a heart attack
  tries to downplay what they are feeling, YOU must
  take responsibility act at once.

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Cardiac Arrest

• When an artery of the heart is blocked during a
  heart attack, the heart muscle is deprived of
  oxygen, and the heart may stop pumping blood.
• The heart muscle may quiver in an abnormal heart
  rhythm---This causes Cardiac Arrest. During
  cardiac arrest the blood flow stops.

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Stroke

• Stroke is a leading cause of death and serious
  disability among Americans.

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Stroke

• Stroke is a leading cause of death and serious
  disability among Americans.
• A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain
  becomes blocked or ruptures so that an area of
  the brain receives no blood (oxygen).

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Stroke--warning signs

• Facial Droop
• one side of the face only

• Arm Weakness
• may not be able to move arms

• Speech Difficulties

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Choking

• Each year, choking causes about 3000 deaths in
  the U.S.

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Choking

• Each year, choking causes about 3000 deaths in
  the U.S.
• Choking in adults usually occurs during eating.
  Meat is the most frequent cause.

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Choking

• Each year, choking causes about 3000 deaths in
  the U.S.
• Choking in adults usually occurs during eating.
  Meat is the most frequent cause.
• Choking can cause two types of airway
  obstruction
• partial--can still allow adequate air movement
• severe or complete--cannot speak or make much
  noise

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Choking--Warning signs

• Universal choking sign
• hands clutching the throat

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Choking--Warning signs

• Universal choking sign
• hands clutching the throat

• Victim unable to speak
• ask victim Are you choking? If victim nods,
  ask, Can you speak?

• Weak, ineffective coughs
• High-pitched sounds or no sounds while inhaling

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Choking--Warning Signs cont.

• Increased difficulty breathing
• Blue lips or skin

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ChokingWhat to do

• Use Abdominal Thrusts (The Heimlich Maneuver) to
  relieve severe or complete obstruction of the
  airway
• Abdominal Thrusts quickly force air from the
  victims lungs, helping to expel the obstruction

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Abdominal Thrusts (The Heimlich Maneuver)

• Make a fist with one hand
• Place the thumb side of the fist on the victims
  abdomen, just above the bellybutton well below
  the breastbone
• Grasp the fist with the other hand and provide
  quick, upward thrusts into the victims stomach
• Repeat the thrusts until the object is expelled
  or the victim becomes unresponsive

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Abdominal Thrusts
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ChokingAn unresponsive victim

• Call 911
• Begin CPR
• CPR may help expel the foreign object

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Major controllable risk factors for heart attack
and stroke

• Cigarette smoking
• The single most important cause of preventable
  death in the U.S.
• Smoking and second-hand (sidestream) smoke can
  damage blood vessels and cause many other
  preventable diseases

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Major controllable risk factors for heart attack
and stroke

• High Blood Pressure
• Damages blood vessels, including those in the
  brain
• See your doctor if you have high blood pressure

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Major controllable risk factors for heart attack
and stroke

• High Cholesterol
• Excess cholesterol deposited on the inner walls
  of the arteries, narrowing them
• This reduces blood flow to the heart or brain
• Avoid a diet high in saturated fat

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Major controllable risk factors for heart attack
and stroke

• Obesity
• Increases the risk of high blood pressure,
  diabetes, and high cholesterol--all increase the
  risk of heart attack and stroke