KINGDOM FUNGI

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KINGDOM FUNGI

• Multicellular eukaryotes
• Heterotrophic
• Saprotrophic
• Parasitic
• Mutualistic

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KINGDOM FUNGI

• multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
• threadlike structures called hyphae
• hyphae compose the mycelium
• cell wall of chitin
• store food as glycogen

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The Fungi

• Nancy G. Morris
• Volunteer State Community College

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KINGDOM FUNGI

• Evolved about 600 million years ago from protist
  ancestors
• Nonmotile haploid spores formed during asexual
  and sexual reproduction

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CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

• Division Zygomycota
• zygospore fungi
• Division Ascomycota
• sac fungi
• Division Basidiomycota
• club fungi
• Division Deuteromycota
• fungi imperfecti

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DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTA - ZYGOSPORE FUNGI

• Black bread mold Rhizopus
• Hyphae extend into bread for nourishment
• Asexual reproduction stalked sporangia are
  produced that release haploid spores

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DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTA

• In sexual reproduction
• two hyphae of different mycelia meet ( and -)
• an extension from one hypha meets the extension
  from the other hypha
• a haploid gamete forms at the tip of each
  projection
• two gametangia fuse and from a diploid zygote
• zygote develops into a zygospore

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DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTA

• The zygospore undergoes meiosis, germinates, and
  produces a haploid sporangium which releases
  haploid spores
• Each haploid spore can grow into a new haploid
  mycelium
• Haplontic Life Cycle

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DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA - SAC FUNGI

• Sac fungi includes yeasts, morels, truffles, cup
  fungi powdery mildews, and the fungi that causes
  Chestnut Blight and Dutch Elm Disease
• yeasts are the ONLY unicellular fungi
• yeasts reproduce asexually by budding
• sexually they produce an ascus

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DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA - SAC FUNGI

• Asexual

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DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA- SAC FUNGI

• In sexual reproduction, 8 acsospores are produced
  in a sac or ascus

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DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA --CLUB FUNGI

• CLUB FUNGI INCLUDE MOST MUSHROOMS, PUFFBALLS,
  SHELF MUSHROOMS, STINKHORNS, CORN SMUT, and WHEAT
  RUSTS
• DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, TYPICALLY 4
  BASIDIOSPORES ARE PRODUCED ON THE TIP OF A
  CLUB-SHAPED STRUCTURE, THE BASIDIUM.

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DIVISION DEUTEROMYCOTA- IMPERFECT FUNGI

• Penecillun, Aspergillus, and the parasitic fungi
  Candida albicans, atheletes foot fungus and the
  ringworm fungus.
• No sexual reproduction observed.
• Asexual reproduction is by producing
  condiospores. Since the sac fungi also produce
  conidiospores, they are related to this group.

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LICHENS

• Exhibit mutualism
• algal cells
• fungal hyphae
• Three types
• Crustose lichens
• Fruticose lichens
• Foliose lichens

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LICHENS

• the fungi may benefit more form the symbiosis
  than the algae.
• lichens produce and improve soil

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MYCORRHIZAE

• Mycorrhizae are fungus roots
• The hyphae of some fungi form a mutualistic
  relationship with the roots of certain plants.
• Most plants grow faster with mycorrhizae,
  especially in nutrient poor-soil.
• The fungi hyphae act as additional roots for the
  plant and the plant provides carbohydrates to the
  fungus.

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