What are the 5 Kingdoms

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What are the 5 Kingdoms?

• Monerans
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

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Bacteria

• Classification

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CLASSIFICATION 1

• CELL STRUCTURE
• DISTINCT ORGANELLES

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Cell structure

• Lack specialzed organelles as seen in eukaryotes
• Have no true nuclues
• Genetic material is found all over cytoplasm

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What organelles do they have?

• cell membrane
• cell wall (though it is not made of cellulose
  like plant cell walls)
• DNA (usually a shorter, circular piece of DNA).
  In addition, there may also be one or more small
  circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.
• ribosomes (smaller than those found in eukaryotic
  cells)
• cytoplasm containing the enzymes and chemicals
  necessary for the chemical reactions of life.

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What organelles do they have?

• thylakoids (only in photosynthetic prokaryotes)
  containing chlorophyll
• if the cell is capable of moving, it will have a
  flagellum, but this wont be the same in
  structure as eukaryote flagella
• PILLI hair-like structures used for attachment
  and absorption
• CAPSULE protective outer coating

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CELL WALL
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CLASSIFICATION 2

• -Shape
• -Arrangement

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Shape

• Rod bacilli
• Spheres cocci
• Spirals spirilla

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Arrangement

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Classification 3

• HOW THEY GET THEIR FOOD

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Heterotrophs cannot make own food

• Chemotrophic get energy from eating chemical
• Phototrophic not common use light for energy,
  also need to take in organic compunds

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Autotrophs can make own food

• Photosynthetic make their own food from light
• Cyanobacteria blue-green, yellow, or red
• ponds, streams, moist areas

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Autotrophs

• Chemosynthetic
• Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances
  like sulfur and nitrogen

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Classification 4

• How do bacteria respond to oxygen

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Do bacteria need oxygen to survive?

• 1)
• YES OBLIGATE AEROBES
• Require O2 for survival
• Aquire energy through cellular respiration
• sugar 02 CO2 H20 ENERGY
• BENEFITS LOTS OF ENERGY PRODUCED
• WASTE PRODUCTS EASY TO DEAL WITH

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Do bacteria need oxygen to survive?

• 2)
• NO OBLIGATE ANEROBES
• Oxygen is poisonous to them
• Those bacteria that live in oxygen free
  environment, ex deep sea sediments

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Do bacteria need oxygen to survive?

• 3)
• YES/NO FACULTATIVE ANEROBES
• Prefer to live with oxygen however if it is not
  available can live without it

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How do those that live without oxygen respire?

• Process FERMENTATION
• SUGAR alcohol CO2 energy
• Drawbacks
• not as much energy generated as cellular
  respiration
• Toxic waste products

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Not all bacteria are harmful

• Great recyclers decompse dead matter to recycle
  carbon
• Nitrogen fixation fix nitrogen needed for plant
  growth
• Fuel production natural gas
• Clean up oil spills
• Human body protection, digestion
• photosynthesis