Malaria

1
MALARIA IN PREGNANCY

• Beata N. Mushema, MD, MSc

2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• By the end of this session, learners should be
  able to
• Recall the basic epidemiology and transmission of
  malaria
• Describe the pathogenesis and clinical
  manifestations of malaria in pregnancy
• Outline possible differential diagnoses of
  malaria in pregnancy
• Describe common investigations used to diagnose
  malaria in pregnancy
• Outline treatment approaches for malaria in
  pregnancy
• Explain possible maternal and foetal
  complications of malaria in pregnancy
• Discuss the preventive measure for malaria in
  pregnancy

3
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA
4
introduction

• Malaria is endemic throughout most of the
  tropics ongoing transmission occurs in 85
  countries and territories.
• Accounts for 7.8 of the global disease burden.
• Over 95 of the burden occurs in the African
  region
• Worldwide, the greatest mortality due to malaria
  is associated with P. falciparum infection.
• P. vivax , P. malariae , P. ovale, P. knowlesi ,
  P. simium
• Transmitted through the bites of infected female
  Anopheles mosquitoes.

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
HIGH-RISK GROUPS FOR MALARIA

• Travelers or migrants coming from areas with
  little or no malaria transmission
• Children under 5 years of age
• People Living with HIV (PLHIV)
• Pregnant women

8
MALARIA IN PREGNANCY
9
WHY ARE PREGNANT WOMEN MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO
MALARIA THAN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN?

• Increased susceptibility to mosquito bites
• Production of more exhaled air (CO2)
• Increased body temperature
• Changes in behaviour esp. at night (increased
  frequency of urination)
• Ability of infected erythrocytes to adhere to and
  sequester in the intervillous space (i.e., the
  vascular space filled with maternal blood on the
  maternal side of the placenta)
• Immunological and hormonal changes related to
  pregnancy

10