R21 Malaria Vaccine

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PLUTUS IAS
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Malaria Vaccine

• GS3 Science and Technology

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Malaria Vaccine

• The subject of "Malaria Vaccine" is covered in
  this article's coverage of "Daily Current
  Affairs". The Science and Technology segment of
  the UPSC CSE test has applicability for this
  topic. Rishabh has researched and written the
  article. Additionally, our faculty has reviewed
  this article. Click the Malaria Vaccine link
  to see the story's original version.

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R21/Matrix-M Malaria Vaccine

• Collaborative Effort Developed through
  collaboration between the University of Oxford
  and the Serum Institute of India.
• Adjuvant Technology Utilizes Novavax's adjuvant
  technology.
• WHO Recommendation Received a WHO recommendation
  for usage due to compliance with safety, quality,
  and efficacy criteria.
• Second Malaria Vaccine Known as the Matrix-M
  malaria vaccine, it is the second vaccine ever
  developed for malaria.

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Malaria Burden Worldwide

• 2021 Statistics 247 million malaria cases,
  slightly higher than 2020.
• India Cases (2022) Reported over 45,000 cases.
• Vulnerable Population Approximately 80 of all
  malaria deaths in the WHO African Region affect
  children under five years of age.

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About Malaria

• Mosquito-Borne Disease Caused by Plasmodium
  protozoa and transmitted through the bites of
  infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Life-Threatening Malaria is life-threatening and
  caused by Plasmodium parasites.
• Disease Progression Parasites initially multiply
  in liver cells and then attack red blood cells
  (RBCs).
• Parasite Species Five parasite species cause
  malaria in humans, with Plasmodium falciparum and
  Plasmodium vivax posing the greatest threat.

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Global Initiatives

• WHO's 'E-2025 Initiative' Identifies 25
  countries with the potential for malaria
  eradication by 2025.
• WHO's Global Technical Strategy Aims to reduce
  malaria case incidence and mortality rates
  significantly by 2030.
• High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) Initiative
  Launched in high malaria burden countries,
  including India.

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India's Initiatives

• Elimination Target Government aims to eliminate
  malaria in India by 2027.
• National Framework Developed a National
  Framework for Malaria Elimination (2016-2030) and
  a National Strategic Plan for Malaria
  Elimination.
• Focus on Elimination Shifting focus from malaria
  control to elimination.
• District-Level Roadmap Established a roadmap for
  malaria elimination in 571 out of India's 678
  districts by 2022.
• MERA-India The Malaria Elimination Research
  Alliance-India was formed under the Indian
  Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

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