R Programming Language Overview

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R Programming Language Overview

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R Programming Language Overview

• R is a programming language that is used for
  statistical and visualization analysis. It is
  also used for reporting. We use this language for
  data analysis, which gives us results in the form
  of graphs, pie charts, etc. R is an interpreted
  programming language. It is a simple and
  well-developed language that uses loops,
  functions, conditions, etc. For calculations, it
  uses arrays, matrix, list, and vectors. It
  provides a graphical representation of the data.
  It also processes large datasets.

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The basic syntax is given below

• In the R language, there is no need to give data
  type to a variable. Directly, give value to the
  variable.
• Following is the basic syntax of how to print
  string in R language
• testlt- Good Morning print(test) o/p 1
  Good Morning
• To comment code in R language is used.
• Eg testlt- Good Morning

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• DATA TYPES To check the data type of the
  variable class() is used.
• Logical It is a type of data type used for True
  or False value.Eg testlt-TRUEprint(class(test))
  o/p 1 "logical"
• Numeric It is used for numerical data or
  numbers.Eg testlt-8print(class(test))o/p 1
  "numeric"
• Complex It is used for complex data that
  contains iota values.Eg testlt-12iprint(class(t
  est))o/p 1 "complex"
• Character It is used for all the characters. For
  strings, it belongs to the character
  datatype.Eg testlt-HELLOprint(class(test))o/p
  1 "character"
• Raw It is used for the raw character.Eg
  testlt-charToRaw(HELLO)print(class(test))o/p
  1 "raw"

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• R-Objects These objects use data types as
  described above.
• Vectors Most basic R-object is vectors. Function
  c() is used for the vectors.Eg test lt-
  c('bmw','audi',maruti)print(test)o/p 1
  "bmw" "audi" "maruti" To find class of the
  vectorprint(class(test))1 "character"
• Lists It contains different types of elements in
  it. It can be numbers, characters, functions,
  even other lists, etc.Eg l1 lt-
  list(c(1,2,3),1.5,3.8)print(l1)o/p 1 1 1
  2 32 1 1.5 3.8
• Matrices Matrix is a 2-D rectangular data set.
  It is created using vectors in matrix().Eg m
  matrix( c('1','2','3','4','5','6'), nrow 2,
  ncol 3, byrow TRUE)Where nrow is for number
  of rows, ncol is for number of columns.print(m)o
  /p ,1 ,2 ,3 1, "1" "2" "3"2, "4" "5"
  "6"

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1. Arrays Unlike matrices, Arrays can have any
   number of dimensions. dim attribute is used to
   create the required number of dimensions.Eg arr
   lt- array(c('e1','e2'),dim c(3,3,2)) Set
   dimension of 3 3 and the number of arrays will
   be 2.print(arr)o/p, , 1,1 ,2 ,3 1,
   "e1" "e2" "e1"2, "e2" "e1" "e2"3, "e1" "e2"
   "e1",levels ,1 ,2 ,3 1, "e2" "e1"
   "e2"2, "e1" "e2" "e1"3, "e2" "e1" "e2"
2. Factors They are created using vectors. factor()
   is used to create the factors and nlevels() gives
   the count of levels.Eg f1lt-c('1','1','2','3','3'
   ,'2','1') Create a factor object. fo lt-
   factor(f1) Print the factor. print(f1)
   print(nlevels(fo)) o/p 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 Levels
   1 2 3 1 3
3. Data Frames It is used for tabular data objects.
   Every column can contain different types of data.
   It is created with a list of vectors having an
   equal length. Data frames are created using
   data.frame().Eg vehicle lt- data.frame(car
   c("c1", "c2","c3"),bike c(1, 2,
   3))print(vehicle)o/p car bike1 c1 12 c2 23
   c3 3

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Online R Programming Certificate Exam

• R Programming Certification Exam(Foundation)
• R Programming Certification Exam(Advanced)
• R Programming Certification Exam(Expert)

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