Title: Medical Preventive measures for Heart Attack
1Medical Preventive measures forHeart Attack
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2What happens in heart attack
- Heart attack or myocardial infarction usually
means one part of the heart is suddenly cut off
from the blood supply which leads to improper
beating of heart. Due to lack of blood supply,
blood can not be effectively pumped by the heart.
This causes serious trouble for heart to continue
beating and it temporarily stops. - This also leads to lose of consciousness within
2-4 minutes as not enough blood supply is there
for brain to function properly - And if brain does not gets adequate oxygen
through blood for more than 5 minutes, it becomes
nearly impossible to recover its proper
functioning. - After a while, if sudden treatment is not given
other body parts may also begin to malfunction.
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3Statistics
- Out of average 17 million heart related deaths
globally, 2.1 million people died in India
because of heart related diseases in 2015. - Out of these 2.1 million deaths, 0.9 million are
only because of heart attacks - According to a study, 40 Indians develop heart
attack before the age of 55! Among which, 50 do
not get any warning signal. - Risk of heart attack is marginally higher for
rural population compared to urban population
with men being twice as prone than women.
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4Why heart attack happens
- Heart attacks are primarily caused when one or
more coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked. - This happens due to deposition of saturated fats,
sugars, cigarette smoke, cholesterol etc. inside
the walls of artery. - When fat content in blood vessels increases, it
causes minor injury to the vessel walls. In an
attempt to heal it, surrounding cells releases a
sticky chemical which leads to fat and other
minerals to start depositing on the wall surface. - Coronary arteries supply oxygen and energy to
heart so that it continues functioning. Improper
blood flow because of blockage suppress necessary
supply of nutrients and power to keep the heart
beating and eventually heart it takes a form of
heart attack.
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6What to do if heart attack happens
- Take an aspirin Taking a normal dose of aspirin
(325 mg) helps sustaining the situation as it
prevents the tendency of blood to clot. - Cough/Breathe heavily Breathing deeply and then
coughing may increase your blood pressure and
thus, the chances that blood keeps going into the
brain - Do CPR only when situation worsens Appy CPR by
compressing the chest in case heart stops beating
or person becomes unconscious. It is to be done
only by a trained CPR personnel.
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7How to be prepared
- The first answer obviously is to avoid a heart
attack. - The second answer is at least not being
unprepared. - The third one is if someone is married, have
children, and is 35 years or older, please do buy
at least 2 crore rupees of life insurance. - In case of the untimely death, at least the wife
and the children would not feel so helpless - Also, please spend Rs 12,500 for 3 simple tests
(all no-invasive) at the age of 35 and every 5
years afterwards - If all tests are normal, it will guarantee us
free from the risk of getting a heart attack for
the next 5 yearsto say the least.
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8How to avoid a heart attack
- Keep your cholesterol and fat under control.
Modify your diet with healthy and clean food. - Control your alcohol consumption, smoking or any
other drug consumption. - Keep your diabetes under control as high blood
sugar may damage blood vessels or nerves that
control heart - Do regular exercise Exercising daily keeps your
heart in active state and maintains cholesterol
and blood pressure
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9First heart test ECG or EKG
- Most important fact about EKG is that we will not
realize that it is like a fingerprint. Changes in
EKG is unusual. - But, we have to understand the comparison between
different EKGs is the single most important
medical factor that helps us to focus on early
changes - EKG can also tell us if we had a heart attack in
the past. EKG is one way we can find out whether
the issue of high blood pressure is latest or has
been there for 15 to 20 years. EKG will clearly
show this
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11Second heart test 2-D Echocardiogram
- When the heart pumps, it pumps out the blood to
the rest of the body. - But It does not pumps out complete blood, but
about 70 of the blood. This 70 is called
ejection fraction. - If our ejection fraction is 30, we can not walk
out of room without shortness of breath. And will
actually meet the criteria for a heart transplant
as well. - So, this test let us know what is our hearts
ejection fraction is.
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13Third heart test CT Angiogram
- It takes time for heart diseases to get serious.
So the good news is we have time to correct
ourselves. - A 70 blocked artery is an invitation to heart
attack, but it takes 15 to 20 years for our
arteries to go from 20 to 70. - This test is also a non-invasive one where we
hang water and put color/dye in that water which
then goes in the blood leading straight to the
heart. - Then CAT scan takes quick pictures of the heart
arteries filled with colored water. A software
makes a three-dimensional image basis the
pictures. If there is any blockage, we can
clearly see it - If they smoothly fill up with the blood, meaning
that there is no blockage.
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14Why these tests ??
- Again these test are non-invasive that is NO
CUTTING, NO WIRES INSIDE THE BODY FOR ANGIOGRAM - If all three tests are normal, which tells us
different details about the heart, then we
absolutely have no risk of getting a heart attack
in at least five years. Literally, guaranteed! - When we repeat these 3 basic tests for the heart
every five years, we can compare these tests with
our hearts health 5 years ago. If there are any
changes, we can pay more attention and get more
testing if required or take necessary steps to
reverse those changes.
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16Author (Prof.) Dr S. Om Goel, MD/DM From family
of doctors from AIIMS, MAMC Delhi University MD
Medicine, USA DM/Fellowship, USA
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