What Causes Eye Pain?

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What Causes Eye Pain?
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Causes of eye pain fall into two broad
categories ocular pain and orbital pain.

• Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye
  problems. Conjunctivitis can be an allergic,
  chemical, bacterial, or viral inflammation of the
  conjunctiva (the delicate membrane lining the
  eyelid and covering the eyeball). Pinkeye is a
  nonmedical term usually referring to
  conjunctivitis caused by a respiratory virus,
  because the conjunctiva gets inflamed and turns a
  pinkish color. Conjunctivitis is usually not
  associated with the symptom of pain. Itching,
  redness, and drainage are typical symptoms and
  signs associated with conjunctivitis.

• Corneal abrasions and corneal ulcerations are
  common conditions that cause eye pain. The cornea
  is the transparent surface of the eye, and it
  contains many pain-sensitive nerve endings.
  Abrasions occur from scratches to the surface of
  the cornea, such as from trauma, a foreign body
  in the eye, or overuse of contact lenses.
  Ulcerations occur from primary infections of the
  cornea or infected abrasions.

• Keratopathies are a variety of conditions of the
  cornea and can be a cause of ocular pain.

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• Foreign bodies, usually located on the cornea or
  in the conjunctiva, are objects or materials that
  give the sensation that something is in eye.
  Foreign bodies produce eye pain similar to that
  of corneal abrasions.

• Chemical burns and flash burns can be significant
  causes of eye pain. Chemical burns come from eye
  exposure to acid or alkaline substances, such as
  household cleaners or bleach. Flash burns occur
  from intense light sources when improper or no
  eye protection is worn while performing arc
  welding or being exposed to the ultraviolet rays
  of tanning booths. Even an intense sunny day can
  cause a corneal flash burn from reflected
  ultraviolet light.

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• Blepharitis is a condition that causes mild eye
  discomfort when plugged oil glands at the eyelid
  edges cause inflammation of the eyelid.

• A sty or a chalazion causes eye pain because of
  local irritation. Either of these conditions
  cause a lump you can see or feel within the
  eyelid. The lump is a result of a blocked oil
  gland within the eyelid. This lump causes
  irritation to the eye, can be very painful to the
  touch, and may occur in both children and adults.

• Acute angle closure glaucoma can cause severe
  ocular or orbital pain. However, most cases of
  glaucoma are of the open-angle variety and are
  painless. An increase in intraocular pressure, or
  internal eye pressure, causes glaucoma. This can
  ultimately lead to defects in vision and even
  blindness if left untreated. Intraocular pressure
  can increase because of a blockage of outflow or
  increased production of aqueous humor (the fluid
  that bathes the inner eye). Glaucoma typically
  occurs in older adults.

• Iritis is an inflammation of the iris, or colored
  part of the eye, that causes one to feel deep eye
  or orbital pain, usually accompanied by blurred
  vision and light sensitivity.

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• Scleritis is a rare cause of severe eye pain and
  is often associated with systemic illness.

Orbital pain is described as a deep, dull ache
behind or in the eye. This pain is often caused
by diseases of the eye.
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• Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic
  nerve. The optic nerve connects to the back of
  the eye. The cause of this inflammation can be
  from multiple sclerosis, viral infections, or
  bacterial infections and can cause symptoms such
  as pressure behind the eye together with changes
  in vision and eye pain, especially on movement of
  the affected eye.

• Sinusitis, which is a bacterial or viral
  infection or allergic reaction in the sinuses,
  can cause a sensation of orbital or eye socket
  pain. Pain coming from the sinus cavities can be
  interpreted as eye pain.

• Migraines and cluster headaches are a very common
  cause of orbital eye pain.

• Painful ophthalmoplegia is the combination of
  orbital pain and eye muscle weakness. In addition
  to pain, there is double vision when both eyes
  are open. Causes include various inflammatory
  conditions of the orbit.

• Tooth pain resulting from problems with the upper
  teeth may present as pain in the orbit or below
  the eye.

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• Traumatic events, such as a penetrating injury to
  the eye, a blow to the eye with a foreign object,
  and motor vehicle collisions, are causes of
  significant eye pain and injury. Scratches to the
  cornea typically associated with traumatic events
  are very painful. These are common eye problems
  that lead people to seek medical attention.

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