ARRIVE Guidelines

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Preclinical Study Reporting

• The scientific communication industry has
  advanced leaps and bounds. However, things have
  changed little regarding the drug development
  process. Many researchers and scientists do not
  publish the negative findings of a preclinical
  study.
• All forms of research preclinical, clinical,
  animal or human based, and with both positive and
  negative outcomes demand a reliable reporting.
  But, this doesnt happen due to the absence of
  specific requirements/guidelines for reporting
  the research studies. This is more important
  regarding the preclinical studies which form the
  base for further research on a particular drug.

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The National Centre for the Replacement,
Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
has planned the ARRIVE guidelines to improve the
way preclinical studies are reported, to maximize
the information published and minimize the
unnecessary details.
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The Objectives of ARRIVE Guidelines

• Improve the reporting of preclinical research
  using animals
• Guide the authors about the essential information
  to include in their manuscript
• Provide flexibility to accommodate various
  research areas and experimental protocols
  irrespective of their findings
• Promote transparent, accurate, complete, concise,
  well-written, and reproducible manuscripts
• Improve the communication of the research
  findings to the scientific community

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ARRIVE Guidelines Checklist
As per the checklist, each section of the
manuscript has a pre-defined recommendation on
what to include and what to avoid.
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1) Title 
Write a concise and accurate description of what
the article contains.
2) Abstract 
Write an accurate summary of the background and
research objectives. It should include details of
the species or the strain of the animal used, key
methods, principal findings, and conclusions of
the study
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3) Introduction

• Provide sufficient and relevant references to the
  previous work related to the research topic
• Explain the experimental approach and its
  rationale
• Explain how and why the species of animals used
  in the experiment can address the scientific
  objectives and its relevance to human biology
• Describe the primary and secondary objectives of
  the study

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4) Methods Used

• Give an ethical statement about the review
  permissions, relevant licenses and guidelines
  taken care of for the use of animals in the study
• Give a brief of the study design and include the
  number of experimental and control groups, the
  experimental unit, and the steps taken to reduce
  bias in conducting the study or reporting the
  results
• Write all the details about the experimental and
  control groups like the site of drug
  administration, time of the day, details of any
  specific equipment used, etc.
• Give details of the species, strain, sex, weight
  and the developmental stage of the animals used
  in the study.

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5) Results

• Report the number of animals in each analysis in
  absolute numbers
• Explain if youexclude any animals or data in the
  analysis
• Report the results of each analysis with a
  measure of precision
• Quote any important adverse events that occur
  during an experiment. Describe the modifications
  made in the experimental protocols to control
  these adverse events

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6) Discussion

• While quoting the results interpretations, take
  into account the study objectives and hypotheses,
  current theory, and other relevant studies in the
  literature.
• Describe any study limitations like potential
  sources of bias, limitations of the animal model,
  and any inaccuracy of results
• Include the implications of your experimental
  methods or findings for the replacement,
  refinement and reduction (the 3Rs) of the use of
  animals in research.

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Though some items on the checklist cant be
applied to all the studies, it provides a
valuable reference to those who prepare or review
the manuscript of a preclinical study.
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