Neutropenia: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment

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Neutropenia
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What is neutropenia?

• Neutropenia is a blood disorder that is
  characterized by an abnormally low number of
  white blood cells (Neutrophils) present in human
  body. The role of white blood cells is to protect
  the body from infection.People suffering with
  neutropenia tend to develop infections easily
  because their white blood cell count is too low
  to fight off germs, such as bacteria.Most of
  these infections occur in the lungs, mouth,
  throat, sinuses, and skin. Some people get gum
  infections, ear infections, or infections of the
  urinary tract, colon, rectum, or reproductive
  tract.

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What is the cause of neutropenia?

• Neutropenia has many possible causes. Some
  people are born with neutropenia. It can also
  happen during or after a viral infection.In
  some cases the cause of neutropenia may be the
  side effect of a drug or exposure to certain
  poisons.Not having enough amount of vitamin
  B-12 or folate (folic acid) in your diet can also
  cause neutropenia. It may result from diseases
  such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  Having chemotherapy for cancer can also cause it.

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How is neutropenia diagnosed?

• Your doctor will perform a blood test called a
  complete blood count (CBC) to measure the amount
  of white blood cells and to see if other blood
  cells are normal or abnormal.

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What are the symptoms of neutropenia?

• You may not have any symptoms of neutropenia, or
  you may have symptoms of an infection, which may
  include
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Cough or shortness of breath
• Diarrhea
• Nasal congestion
• Unusual vaginal discharge or itching
• Burning during urination
• Shaking chills
• Redness, swelling, or warmth at the site of an
  injury

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How is neutropenia treated?

• Treatment for neutropenia depends on the cause
  and the severity. You may need to
• Take antibiotics to prevent infections
• Make changes in your diet or take vitamin
  supplements
• Avoid chemicals or medicines that are known to
  cause neutropenia
• New medicines called colony stimulating factors
  may also be used to stimulate the growth of
  neutrophils. These medicines help restore immune
  system function.

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