Renal Tubular Acidosis: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment

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Renal Tubular Acidosis
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Renal Tubular Acidosis

• Renal tubular acidosis can be referred to as the
  electrolytic disturbance that is caused because
  of impaired excretion of renal hydrogen ions,
  impaired bicarbonate resorption or abnormal
  production of aldosterone.This condition leads
  to a chronic metabolic acidosis with a gap in an
  anion. Usually, hyperchloremia or excess of
  chlorine in blood may be present. Some of the
  other features may be with electrolytes of
  potassium and calcium.Chronic renal tubular
  acidosis is associated with damages of renal
  tubules in your kidneys. If ignored or not
  diagnosed at the right time, this condition may
  lead to chronic kidney diseases. 

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Renal Tubular Acidosis
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• Renal tubular acidosis is classified based on
  the mechanism involved. If the impairment is with
  hydrogen ion excretion, the disorder is called
  Type 1 renal tubular acidosis.In Type 2 renal
  tubular acidosis, impairment is caused due to
  bicarbonate resorption. In Type 4 renal tubular
  acidosis, the defect is caused by decrease in the
  level of aldosterone. Type 4 is quite common,
  whereas type 1 is rare and type 2 is extremely
  rare.

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Causes of Renal Tubular Acidosis

• The causes of type 1 renal tubular acidosis
  could be
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Lupus
• Analgesic nephropathy
• Kidney transplant rejection
• A hereditary form of deafness
• Renal medullary cystic disease
• Obstructive uropathy
• Chronic urinary tract infections

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Causes of Renal Tubular Acidosis
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• The causes of type 2 renal tubular acidosis
  could be 
• Kidney transplant rejection
• Wilsons disease
• Fanconi syndrome
• Cystinosis
• Hereditary fructose intolerance
• Multiple myeloma

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Causes of Renal Tubular Acidosis
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• The causes of type 4 renal tubular acidosis
  could be
• Obstructive uropathy
• Addisons disease
• Syndrome Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism
• Heparin
• Potassium sparing Diuretics
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Interstitial Nephritis

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Prevention

• Unfortunately, most of the causes of renal
  tubular acidosis are not preventable. However,
  following are some prevention measures you can
  adopt
• Maintain your health by consuming healthy food
• Balance the levels of blood pressure and diabetes
• Regularly exercise

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How is Renal Tubular Acidosis diagnosed?

• Renal tubular acidosis can be easily diagnosed
  using the following methods
• Urine Tests
• Acid Load Test
• Physical Examination

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Symptoms of Renal Tubular Acidosis

• Usually, renal tubular acidosis is asymptomatic
  in nature, meaning that it causes no symptoms or
  signs. It is rare for a severe electrolyte
  imbalance to happen, but in case it does, your
  situation could be life-threatening. Some
  symptoms of renal tubular acidosis are
• Nephrolithiasis or Kidney stones
• Nephrocalcinosis (Calcium deposits in kidney)
• Electrolyte excretion
• Extracellular fluid volume depletion
• Muscle weakness

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Symptoms of Renal Tubular Acidosis
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• Hyporeflexia
• Paralysis
• Bone pain in adults
• Rickets in children
• Cardiac arrhythmia

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