Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN): Symptoms, causes and treatment (1)

1
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
2
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

• Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a
  precancerous condition in which abnormal cell
  growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix
  or endocervical canal, the opening between the
  uterus and the vagina. It is also known as
  cervical dysplasia. Strongly connected with
  sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV)
  infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is
  most common in women under age 30 but can develop
  at any age. Cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasia usually causes no symptoms, and is most
  often discovered by a routine Pap smear test. The
  outlook is positive for women with cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia who receive appropriate
  follow-up and treatment. But women who go
  undiagnosed or who don't receive appropriate care
  are at higher risk of developing cervical
  cancer.

3
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
Continue

• Mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
  sometimes resolves without treatment, and may
  only require careful observation with Pap tests
  every three or six months. But moderate to severe
  and mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that
  persists for two years normally requires
  treatment to remove the abnormal cells and reduce
  the risk of cervical cancer.

4
Causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

• In many women with cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasia, human papillomavirus is found in
  cervical cells. HPV infection is common in women
  and men, and most often affects sexually active
  women under age 20. In most cases, the immune
  system eliminates HPV and clears the infection.
  But in some women, the infection persists and
  leads to cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasia. Among women with a chronic HPV
  infection, smokers are twice as likely as
  non-smokers to develop severe cervical dysplasia,
  because smoking suppresses the immune
  system.Chronic HPV infection and cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia are also associated
  with other factors that weaken the immune system,
  such as treatment with immunosuppressive drugs
  for certain diseases or after an organ
  transplant, or infection with HIV, the virus that
  causes AIDS.

5
Symptoms

• Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasiaPersistent HPV infection is the most
  important risk factor for cervical dysplasia,
  especially moderate to severe cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia. In women, an
  increased risk of a persistent HPV infection is
  associated with
• Early initiation of sexual activity
• Having more than one sex partner
• Having a partner who has had multiple sex
  partners
• Having sex with an uncircumcised man

6
Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

• Because a pelvic exam is usually normal in women
  with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, a Pap
  test is necessary to diagnose the
  condition. Although a Pap test alone can
  identify mild, moderate, or severe cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia, further tests are
  often required to determine appropriate follow-up
  and treatment. These include 
• Repeat Pap tests
• Colposcopy, a magnified exam of the cervix to
  detect abnormal cells so that biopsies can be
  taken
• Endocervical curettage, a procedure to check for
  abnormal cells in the cervical canal

7
Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Continue

• Cone biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision
  procedure (LEEP) which is performed to rule out
  invasive cancer during a cone biopsy, the doctor
  removes a cone-shaped piece of tissue for lab
  examination. During LEEP, the doctor cuts out
  abnormal tissue with a thin, low-voltage
  electrified wire loop
• HPV DNA test, which can identify the HPV strains
  which are known to cause cervical cancer

8
Treatments

• The treatment for cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasia depends on many different factors,
  including the severity of the condition and the
  age of the patient. For mild cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia, often only continued
  monitoring with repeat Pap tests is needed. For
  older women with mild cervical intraepithelial
  neoplasia, usually no treatment is needed unless
  mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has
  persisted for two years, progressed to moderate
  or severe cervical dysplasia, or there are other
  medical problems.Treatments for cervical
  intraepithelial neoplasia include two of the
  procedures also used for diagnosis cone biopsy or
  LEEP. Other treatments include 
• Cryosurgery (freezing)

9
Treatments
Continue

• Electrocauterization
• Laser surgery
• Because all forms of treatment are associated
  with risks such as heavy bleeding and possible
  complications affecting pregnancy, it's important
  for patients to discuss these risks with their
  doctor prior to treatment.

10
CONNECT WITH US

• Logon to
• www.lazoi.com
• Like us on Facebook
• https//www.facebook.com/LazoiTheLife
• Follow us on Twitter
• https//www.twitter.com/lazoithelife
• Follow us on Pinterest
• https//www.in.pinterest.com/lazoithelife