Atherosclerosis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vascular disease) is a condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a build up of plaque inside the artery. The disease disrupts the flow of blood around the body, posing serious cardiovascular complications. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Atherosclerosis


1
Atherosclerosis
2
Atherosclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis  is a disease in which plaque
    builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a
    sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol,
    calcium, and other substances found in the blood.
    Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your
    arteries. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich
    blood to your body.

3
Plaques from atherosclerosis can behave in
different ways
  • They can stay in the artery wall. There, the
    plaque grows to a certain size and stops. Since
    this plaque doesn't block blood flow, it may
    never cause symptoms
  • Plaque can grow in a slow, controlled way into
    the path of blood flow. Eventually, it causes
    significant blockages. Pain in the chest or legs
    when you exert yourself is the usual symptom.
  • The worst happens when plaques suddenly rupture,
    allowing blood to clot inside an artery. In the
    brain, this causes a stroke in the heart, a heart
    attack.

4
Atherosclerosis can be caused without any reason
or cause. Among 300 apparently healthy people
  • 52 had some atherosclerosis.
  • It was present in 85 of those older than 50.
  • 17 of teenagers had it.

5
Symptoms of atherosclerosis
  • Symptoms can be same or different to heart
    attack, which can be mistreated, so having
    following symptoms must be diagnosed as fast as
    possible
  • Chest pain or angina
  • Pain in leg, arm, and anywhere else that has
    a blocked artery
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion, which occurs if the blockage affects
    circulation to your brain
  • Muscle weakness in your legs from lack of
    circulation

6
Causes of atherosclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis is a slow, progressive disease
    that may start in childhood. In some people, it
    progresses rapidly in their 30s. In others, it
    doesn't become dangerous until they reach their
    50s or 60s. Some hardening of the arteries is
    normal as you age.

7
Causes of atherosclerosis
Continue
  • Cause of atherosclerosis is still not known. It
    is believed that plaque begins when an artery's
    inner lining (called the endothelium) becomes
    damaged. Three possible causes of damage are
  • Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides
    in the blood
  • High blood pressure
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Smoking has a big role in the growth of
    atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries, aorta
    and arteries in the legs. It makes fatty deposits
    more likely to form and to grow bigger and
    faster.

8
Risk factors of atherosclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis  is preventable. Risk factors
    for this may include
  • Smoking
  • High cholesterol
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Abdominal obesity
  • Stress
  • Not eating fruits and vegetables
  • Excess alcohol intake
  • Not exercising regularly

9
Treatments of atherosclerosis
  • There may be two types of treatments depending
    on the severity of atherosclerosis, it may
    include
  • Medication- It can help prevent atherosclerosis
    from worsening. Medications may include
  • Cholesterol-lowering medications, including
    statins and fibric acid derivatives
  • Antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants, such as
    aspirin, to prevent blood from clotting and
    clogging your arteries
  • Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers to
    lower your blood pressure
  • Diuretics, or water pills, to help lower your
    blood pressure
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,
    which help prevent narrowing of your arteries

10
Treatments of atherosclerosis
Continue
  • Surgery-In some cases, surgery may be necessary
    if symptoms are especially severe, or if muscle
    or skin tissue are endangered. Possible surgeries
    for treating atherosclerosis include
  • Bypass surgery-Which involves using a vessel from
    somewhere else in the patient's body or a
    synthetic tube to divert blood around the blocked
    or narrowed artery
  • Thrombolytic therapy-Which involves dissolving a
    blood clot by injecting a drug into the affected
    artery
  • Angioplasty-Which involves using a thin, flexible
    tube called a catheter and a balloon to expand
    the artery, sometimes inserting a stent to leave
    the artery open
  • Endarterectomy-Which involves surgically removing
    fatty deposits from the artery
  • Atherectomy-Which involves removing plaque from
    your arteries by using a catheter with sharp
    blade at one end

11
Diagnosis of atherosclerosis
  • A physical test is performed if anybody show
    symptoms of artherosclerosis. It will check for
  • a weakened pulse
  • an aneurysm, which is an abnormal bulging or
    widening of an artery due to weakness of the
    arterial wall
  • slow wound healing, which indicates a restricted
    blood flow
  • Certain imaging test and blood test can be done
    to confirm atherosclerosis, which may include
  • a blood test to check your cholesterol levels
  • a Doppler ultrasound, which uses sound waves to
    create a picture of the artery that shows if
    there's a blockage

12
Diagnosis of atherosclerosis
Continue
  • ankle-brachial index test, which looks for a
    blockage in arms or legs by comparing the blood
    pressure in each limb
  • magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed
    tomography angiography (CTA) to create pictures
    of the large arteries in our body
  • cardiac angiogram, which requires an injection of
    a radioactive dye that can be seen on X-rays to
    create a picture of the arteries in our heart
  • an electrocardiogram (EKG), which measures the
    electrical activity in your heart to look for any
    areas of decreased blood flow
  • a stress test, or exercise tolerance test, which
    monitors the heart rate and blood pressure while
    anyone exercise on a treadmill or stationary
    bicycle

13
Complications from atherosclerosis
  • Certain disease can occur from atherosclerosis,
    which may include
  • Coronary artery disease-Coronary artery disease
    occurs when the coronary arteries of our heart
    become hard. The coronary arteries are blood
    vessels that provide our heart's muscle tissue
    with oxygen and blood. Plaque prevents blood flow
    to the heart.
  • Carotid artery disease-The carotid arteries are
    found in our neck and supply blood to your brain.
    These arteries may be compromised if plaque
    builds up in their walls. The lack of circulation
    may reduce how much blood and oxygen reaches your
    brain's tissue and cells.

14
Complications from atherosclerosis
Continue
  • Peripheral artery disease-Our legs, arms, and
    lower body depend on your arteries to supply
    blood and oxygen to their tissues. Hardened
    arteries can cause circulation problems in these
    areas of the body.
  • Kidney disease-The renal arteries supply blood to
    our kidneys. Kidneys filter waste products and
    extra water from your blood. Atherosclerosis of
    these arteries may lead to kidney failure.
  • Atherosclerosis may be deadly is not treated, or
    diagnosed in right time. Correct diagnosis can
    decrease further risk.

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