gastroenteritis (1)

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Gastroenteritis
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Introduction to Gastroenteritis

• Gastroenteritis is an inflammation or infection
  of the digestive tract, mainly the stomach and
  intestine.
• It is probably the most commonly occurring
  illness with an average person having about three
  and four bouts in a year.
• The illness can sometimes be minor and the person
  may experience only nausea and it may go
  completely unrecognized but on the other hand, it
  can also be very severe leading to death within a
  few days.

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Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

• Most of the stomach infection are spread through
  contamination food and water cause pain and
  diarrhea.
• Symptoms of Gastroenteritis
• Nausea Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Fever
• Headache

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Continue- Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

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• Abdominal Pain
• Abdominal Cramps
• Bloody Stools
• Dehydration
• Lethargy
• If symptoms do not resolve within a week, an
  infection or disorder more serious than
  gastroenteritis may be involved. These symptoms
  require prompt medical treatment

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Causes of Gastroenteritis

• Bacterial gastroenteritis happens when bacteria
  causes an infection in your stomach. This causes
  inflammation in your stomach and intestines.
• Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria and
  parasites) are the most common cause of
  Gastroenteritis.
• Viruses primarily rotavirus species, are
  responsible for 70 to 80 percent of infectious
  diarrhea.
• Bacterial pathogens accounts for another 10 to 20
  percent of cases.

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Continue- Causes of Gastroenteritis

• Rotavirus is the most common cause of
  gastroenteritis in children. Rotavirus is less
  common cause in adult due to acquired immunity.
• Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis
  among adult. Norovirus is the cause of about 10
  percent of cases in children.
• Cryptosporidium is the organism most commonly
  isolated in HIV-positive patients presenting with
  diarrhea and cause gastrointestinal illness with
  diarrhea in humans.

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Diagnosis of Gastroenteritis

• Diagnosing gastroenteritis is mainly an exclusion
  procedure
• In rare case when the symptoms are not enough to
  diagnose gastroenteritis, several test may be
  performed in order to rule out other
  gastrointestinal disorders.
• Rectal Examination
• Complete blood count
• Electrolytes
• Kidney function test
• When the symptoms are conclusive, no test apart
  form the stool test are required.

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Treatment of Gastroenteritis

• If you have a milder case, you may be able to
  treat your illness at home. Try the following -
• Drink liquid regularly through out the day,
  especially after the bouts of diarrhea.
• Eat little and often, and include some salty
  foods.
• Take food or drinks with potassium, such as fruit
  juice and bananas
• Dont take any medication with asking the doctor.

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Prevention of Gastroenteritis

• Proper Hand washing
• Proper food handling and complete cooking
• Pasteurization of milk and juice
• Clean the toilet and bathroom regularly,
  especially the toilet seat, door handles and
  taps.
• Dont forget to brush your teeth regularly, twice
  a day
• Avoid food buffets, uncooked foods or peeled
  fruits and vegetables and ice in drinks.

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