Diabetic Mellitus

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Diabetic Mellitus

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• Diabetes Mellitus, known widely as diabetes, is a
  chronic disease, identified by high blood sugar
  levels over a perpetual time period. Indications
  like uncontrolled urination, increased appetite,
  and excessive thirst, mark as symptoms of
  diabetes. Types include type 1 diabetes, type 2
  diabetes, and gestational diabetes. The
  consultation of a diabetes doctor is mandatory,
  in case symptoms begin to grow. The type 1
  diabetes mellitus treatment includes the intake
  of insulin, while in type 2 the treatment focuses
  on proper use of the insulin produced by the
  pancreas. Gestational diabetes, involves both
  medications as well as insulin shots.

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Symptoms

• Common symptoms of diabetes include
• Polyuria ( Uncontrolled urination)
• Polydipsia (Excessive Thirst)
• Polyphagia (Increased appetite)
• Extreme Fatigue
• Cuts and Bruises that are slow to heal
• Blurry Vision
• Unexplained weight loss

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Diagnosis

• Consultation with a qualified diabetes doctor,
  will help you in diagnosing the disease. The
  doctor will ask you for a Glycated hemoglobin
  (HbA1C) test. This test provides the average of
  your blood sugar control over the past 2 to 3
  months. HbA1C levels of 6.5 or higher indicate
  diabetes. To control the level of blood sugar in
  the hemoglobin, regular tests of HbA1C are
  required, every 3 months. This will help in
  identifying if the medications are working
  properly, and if the blood sugar has reached the
  target level of control.

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Types

• Type 1 diabetes
• Also called insulin-dependent diabetes
  mellitus, this results when the pancreas cease to
  produce sufficient amount of insulin. Formerly
  known as juvenile-onset diabetes, as it often
  begins during childhood. Only 5 of people in the
  world with diabetes, have this form of the
  disease.
• The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is still
  unknown. But, in most people it happens when the
  immune system in the process of fighting harmful
  viruses, mistakenly destroys cells in the
  pancreas, that produce insulin. Hence, the body
  needs insulin to function properly, and it can be
  done through injecting insulin through the skin,
  into the fatty tissue of the abdomen.
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment and control
  include hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose). In
  hyperglycaemia, the adjustments of diet and
  insulin dose balance is required for control. If
  hyperglycaemia, remains untreated it leads to a
  severe condition called diabetic ketoacidosis,
  where the body breaks down fats instead of
  glucose, resulting in acid in your blood. It
  could be fatal, if not treated.

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• Type 2 diabetes
• About 90 to 95 percent of diabetes patients all
  over the world, have type 2 diabetes, which makes
  it the most common of all. This disease is
  identified by insulin resistance in the body,
  i.e. if the cells become resistant to the insulin
  produced.
• Genetics and lifestyle, are the most prominent
  causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is often a
  less threatening form of the disease. Although,
  if not controlled, type 2 diabetes can affect the
  kidneys, eyes, and nerves, causing major
  complexities in the body.
• The treatment for type 2 diabetes calls for a
  change in lifestyle, from a diabetic friendly
  diet, to reaching an optimum body weight. A BMI
  within a healthy range should be maintained by
  being physically active. A dietician will help
  you better understand the requirements of your
  body, and accordingly advice a healthy diet.
• Certain episodes of hypoglycaemia occur when you
  have type 2 diabetes, which needs you to intake a
  quick-acting carbohydrate, like a sugary drink,
  followed by a sustainable one, like a cereal
  bar. 
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• Gestational diabetes
• Occurs in women during pregnancy, mostly after 6
  months, where certain hormones made by the
  placenta, lead to a boost in the blood sugar
  levels. To some degree, pregnancy triggers
  insulin resistance in the body, which leads to
  the onset of the disease. As this disease
  developes during pregnancy, it could harm both
  the mother and the baby, which is the main reason
  to follow the doctors advice, and start the
  treatment right away.
• The treatment for gestational diabetes includes
  special meal plans, adequate physical activity,
  as well as insulin injections. Women with
  gestational diabetes, are prone to develop type 2
  diabetes in the future, so regular control of
  blood sugar levels is necessary in order to avoid
  it.
• A healthy body, is a home to a healthy mind. And,
  in order to create a healthy environment, it is
  important to be physically active and keep
  diabetes complications at bay. A diabetes doctor
  acts as a guide, in your fight with diabetes, and
  it is crucial to follow their advice. With proper
  meal planning, medications and regular check up,
  diabetes mellitus, can be well controlled,
  ensuring a healthy future

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