THE FAMILY AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

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• THE FAMILY AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

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Functionalist View The family serves six
functions for society

• Reproduction
• Society Must Replace Dying Members
• Protection
• Children cannot life independently until older
• Socialization
• Transmit norms, values, and language of culture
• Regulation of sexual behavior
• Families socialize dating and sex behavior
• Affection
• We expect family to serve our emotional needs
• Providing of social status
• Passes on race, ethnicity, and class (ie. Edu
  opportunities)

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The ways in which it does this vary by family
structure
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Varying Family Structures

• Nuclear Family
• --the nucleus or core upon which larger family
  groups are built. 2 parent and offspring
• Extended Family
• --relatives such as grandparents, aunts, or
  uncles live in the same home as parents and their
  children.
• Kinship
• --the state of being related to others.

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Family Structure and Role Expectations Vary By
Place
Variations in Marriage
Polygyny Monogamy Polyandry Polygamy

• one woman and one man are married only to each
  other.
• several husbands or wives simultaneously.
• a man to more than one woman at a time.
• a woman to more than one husband at the same time.

Monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
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Family Structures Also Vary Over Time

• Decreasing Marriage Video

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Marriage and Family
Live births per 1,000 females
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Births to unmarriedfemales (right scale)
Birth rate for marriedfemales 15-44(left scale)
160
140
120
100
80
Birth rate for unmarriedfemales 15-44(left
scale)
60
40
20
0
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Birth Rates for Married and Unmarried Females
Source Office of the President. 2000. Economic
Report of the President Transmitted to the
Congress, February 2000. Washington, DC U.S.
Government Printing Office, Chart 5-3 on p. 171.
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Figure 12.3 Rise of One-Parent Families among
Whites, African Americans, Hispanics,and Asians
or Pacific Islanders in the United States
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Divorce Tolerance
Restricted Divorce
UnrestrictedDivorce
US Annual Divorce Rate (per 1,000) Source
Cherlin 2002
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Factors Leading to Increasing Divorce Rate Over
Time

• A general increase in family incomes and free
  legal aid
• More liberal divorce laws
• Greater opportunities for Women

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Approximately 45 of all people in the US will
marry, divorce, then remarry.
Source Schaefer 2004293
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Changing Family Structure Over Time
Source Cherlin 200269
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The Family Ethic Changes Over Time
1790s
1980s
Post- Industrial Family Ethic?
Colonial Family Ethic
Industrial Family Ethic
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How have things Changed?

• Womens participation in the paid labor force of
  the US increased steadily throughout the
  twentieth century.
• Yet, women entering the job market find their
  options restricted in important ways.
• Sex-typed jobs Women are underrepresented in
  occupations historically defined as mens jobs,
  which often pay more.

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How have things Changed?

• Within the home, things have changed as well

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Average Weekly Time Spent Doing Housework for
Married Men and Women (age 25-64)
Women
Men
Source Cherlin (2002298).
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Womens Employmentand Changing Family Dynamics
--The Second Shift The double burden that
working women facework outside the home followed
by child care and houseworkand which few men
share equitably. --Studies indicate that there
continues to be a clear gender gap in the
performance of housework, although the
differences are narrowing. --Taken together, a
womans workday on and off the job is much longer
than a mans.
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Housework Per Week
Increase or Decrease?
Increase or Decrease?
Increase or Decrease?
Increase or Decrease?

• (Source Macionis 8th ed. 2001337)

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Frederich Engels

• Described the family as the ultimate source of
  inequality because of its role in the transfer of
  power, property, and privilege.
• More recent conflict theorists have argued
• Family contributes to societal injustice
• Denies women opportunities extended to men
• Limits freedom in sexual expression and selection
  of a mate

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• Heterosexuality Questionnaire
• Preview for Gagne Transgender

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The Heterosexual Questionnaire
Does this point out another form of privilege
that may be in some of our knapsacks? Class Gender
Race Sexuality?
M. Rochin,
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(Source Schram and Mandell 1985141)
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Source Newsweek November 17, 200317