AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE

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AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE
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INTRODUCTION

• In 1347 black death(bubonic plaque) struck ¼ of
  the 30 million European population
• Quarantine derived from the Latin word
  Quarantum meaning forty(40)
• 1st quarantine work started in 1879 in Fiji
• 1900s Agricultural Quarantine started in Fiji.

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WHAT IS AGRICULTURAL QUARANTINE

• Quarantine is guided by legislative measures and
  through the policing of these measures to
• Exclude from a defined geographical area,
  country, state or region pests or diseases of
  plants and animals of economic importance from
  that particular geographical area.
• To keep free a country from the incursion of
  exotic pests and diseases.

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WHY HAVE AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE

• The continuous movement of MAN and cargo around
  the world threaten to carry unwanted pests and
  diseases
• No one can predict how a pest or disease will
  perform in a new environment
• Organisms regarded as harmless in one country
  maybe harmful in another country
• Facilitate trade yet ensuring border biosecurity
• High risks of pest and disease incursions relate
  to increased international trade.
• Conserve our biodiversity by preventing
  destructive invasive species from entering the
  country which will pose a threat to our endemic
  species of plants and animals.

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PLANTANIMALQUARANTINE
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PLANT QUARANTINE (Legislation)

• Plant Quarantine Act Cap 156 Regulations
• - Part I Preliminary
• - Part II Powers of inspectors
• - Part III Domestic Quarantine Control
• - Part IV General

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IMPORT PERMITS

• Most plants and plant products are not permitted
  unless with valid Fiji MAFF Quarantine Import
  Permit.
• These include
• Fresh fruits vegetables
• Fresh flowers dried leis
• Seeds plant cuttings
• Root crops
• Bulbs, corms, rhizomes tubers pulses
• Coconuts, mushrooms
• Rice other grains
• Nuts kernels
• Soil, sand and rocks
• Used machinery equipment
• Plant plant products in ships stores is for
  ships use only.

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ANIMAL QUARANTINE

• Animal Importation Act Cap 159 and Regulations
• Most animal and animal products including live
  animals are not permitted unless with a valid
  MAFF Quarantine Import Permit.
• Animals are not to be taken off vessels at all
  times whilst in port.
• Animal and animal products in ship stores are not
  permitted ashore. For ships use only.
• Animal and animal products prohibited and
  restricted include

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• Birds
• Live fish
• Meat-of any kind
• Poultry
• Honey
• Noodles
• Dairy products
• Furs, feathers,bones,horns
• Organisms, biological specimens
• Insects,reptiles,embryos(live or dead)
• Dogs,cats,cattle,pigs,
• goats and other live animals.

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PREVENTION OF ALIEN SPECIES BEING LANDED (IMPORT
PERMIT)

• Plant and Plant Products
• No plant or plant products (e.g. fruits and
  vegetables) is allowed entry unless a Import
  Permit is obtained through application from
  Quarantine
• Contents of an application should have
  relevant information of the commodity to be
  imported
• Import Permit is the importers authorization to
  import a specific commodity from a specific
  country. It should clearly outline the
  conditions/requirements stated by the importing
  country.
• This will prevent alien species accompanying the
  consignment.

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Cont.

• Certain criteria's have to be met for an Import
  Permit application to be approved
• - Firstly, we screen verify all
  applications and inform importers on our Import
  Permit Requirements/Standards Conditions
• - Liaise directly with exporting countries on
  Import Risk Analysis Pest List Database on
  imported commodities

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Cont.

• Conduct Import Risk Analysis Initiating the
  process of Pest Risk Analysis on Import Permit
  Applications work in collaboration with
  Pathologists, Entomologists, Veterinarians,
  Forestry Fisheries Dept, Environments

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Cont.

• 3 Processes of IRA
• (1) Import Risk Initiation
  - obtain pest list database
  using reputable crop protection compendium
  from exporting countries
• - Analyse commodity type
• (2) Pest Risk Assessment
• - Identify specific pests
• - Evaluation of probable pest pathway

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Cont.

• (3) Pest Risk Management
• - Critical quarantine pest considered
• - Management options decided
• - Import Requirements set out
• - Consultation with stakeholders

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Cont.

• - an assurance that in the exporting country the
  commodities are not attacked by injuries insects
• - that their importation from the specific
  areas, under prescribed safeguards, can be
  authorized without risk
• - that prescribed treatments have been or will
  be given
• - that other quarantines do not prohibit the
  entry

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Cont.

• If approved, endorsed on the Import Permit is the
  commodity, quantity and conditions of which the
  exporter has to fulfill. Requirements differ for
  different commodities and these Import Permit
  conditions and requirements (esptreatments) MUST
  be endorsed on the phytosanitary certificate of
  the exporting country
• Failure to do so will result in further action

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FOOD WASTE OR GARBAGE

• Food wastes means mixed refuse wastes, derived
  wholly or in part from plants, fruits,
  vegetables, meats or other plant or animal
  matter or other refuse of any kind that is
  associated with any fruits, vegetables, meat, or
  other plant or animal material.
• Garbage aboard a vessel in-port should be covered
  at all times. Garbage must not be scattered and
  must be held at the garbage area
• Garbage from vessels should not be landed unless
  approved by a quarantine inspector
• Garbage discharge and incineration should be
  supervised by a quarantine inspector

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QUARANTINE INSPECTION PROCEDURES AT WHARFS

• Ships manifest screening
• - hold for agriculture
• - risk profile
• Vessel inspection
• - Inspection of whole vessel
• - ships stores inspection
• - bond live animals

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• Cargo Inspection
• - A container may be released if it does not
  contain restricted plant materials or other
  articles of agricultural concern after the
  following has been ascertained
• The outside is free of soil or plant
  contamination and of plant pests
• The contents is certified to be free of
  prohibited packing material
• The cases, crates, pallets and dunnage inside the
  container are certified as free of bark, soil,
  plant material and plant pests.
• There are no materials of agricultural concern
• - The above is the same for imported
  machinery, vehicles and spare parts.

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FUMIGATION

• Treatment
• If a container or the contents of a container
  is found to contain prohibited or restricted
  materials, the following options for treatment is
  available to the inspector to eliminate the
  possible risk of a pest or disease outbreak
• Fumigation (methyl bromide)
• Steam cleaning
• Water blasting
• Re-export
• Destruction (Incineration)
• All treatments are done in the wharf vicinity to
  contain unwanted materials. Fumigations are done
  after working hours for safety reasons

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ROLE OF QUARANTINE IN MARKET ACCESS

• Do not Look for Market!!
• Do not Promote!!
• Facilitate the need for this new market by
  conducting IRA/PRA
• Definitions
• IRA Import Risk Analysis
• PRA Pest Risk Analysis
• (Pest Risk Management Pest Risk Assessment)
• Pest Risk Management The decision making
  process of reducing the risk of
  introduction of a quarantine pest

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• Pest Risk Assessment To determine
• whether a pest is a
  quarantine
• pest and evaluate its
• introduction potential
• Quarantine Pest - A pest of potential
• economic importance to the
• area endangered thereby or
• present but not widely
  distributed
• and being officially
  controlled