Chapter 4

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Chapter 4Chemical FoundationsElements, Atoms,
and Ions

• Daltons Atomic Theory
• Atomic Structure
• J.J. Thomson, discovery of the electron
• Rutherford, discovery of the nucleus
• Protons, neutrons, electrons
• The Periodic Table
• Ions and Ionic Compounds
• Isotopes
• Atomic mass

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Elements in the Earths Crust
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Elements in the Human Body
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Elements to Memorize

• Know names, symbols, and Groups
• for the following elements
• Group 1A H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• Group 2A Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• Group 3A B, Al, Ga
• Group 4A C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
• Group 5A N, P, As, Sb
• Group 6A O, S, Se, Te
• Group 7A F, Cl, Br, I
• Group 8A He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• Group 3B Sc
• Group 4B Ti
• Group 5B V
• Group 6B Cr
• Group 7B Mn
• Group 8B Fe, Co, Ni
• Group 1B Cu, Ag, Au
• Group 2B Zn, Cd, Hg

Click here for a Periodic Table showing these
elements highlighted.
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Example 1

• State the number of protons and
• neutrons in an atom of
• 81Br
• 127I
• 2H

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Periodic Table Metals, Nonmetals,and Metalloids

• http//www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart.htm

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Example 2

• Complete the following table

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Example 3

• Write chemical formulas for the
• following molecular compounds
• A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two
  oxygen atoms.
• A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and one
  oxygen atom.
• A molecule containing two nitrogen atoms and five
  oxygen atoms.

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Example 4

• Write chemical formulas for the
• compounds made of the following ions
• Mg2 and Cl-
• Al3 and O2-
• Fe2 and I-
• Fe3 and I-
• Ca2 and S2-