Cells are organized into tissues

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Cells are organized into tissues Epithelial-
protection, secretion, absorption surfaces (of
body, organs) glands Connective- support,
adhesion widely distributed Muscle-
movement heart internal organs attached to
bone Nervous- sensory input and output brain,
spinal cord, peripheral nerves
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Epithelial tissues sheets of cells form
barriers Secretion (exocrine glands) Absorption
(specialized membrane) Transport Classified by
shape
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Squamous epithelium Simple- single layer of
flattened cells diffusion (alveoli) filtration
(blood vessels)
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Simple cuboidal Cells are more cubelike than
squamous cells Cover ovaries line kidney
tubules various endocrine glands Secretion,
absorption
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Simple columnar epithelium Uterus, digestive
tract Absorption (of food) Secretion (of
digestive enzymes, acids, etc.) Goblet cells
secrete mucus May have microvilli Glandular
epithelium generally is columnar or cuboidal
(exocrine, endocrine)
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Cilated
also contains goblet cells Lines respiratory
passageways Specialized to trap and remove
airborne particles
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Stratified epithelium Where wear and tear
occur Stratified squamous outer layers are
keratinized in skin not on internal surfaces
mouth, throat, vagina, anus Stratified cuboidal-
certain glands Straitified columnar- urethra, vas
deferens Transitional epithelium-
bladder allows bladder to stretch
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Connective tissues are the most diverse in form
and function Generally a few cells scattered in
an extracellular matrix Matrix fibers and
ground substance, either fluid, flexible or
rigid (Fluid blood, lymph Flexible loose
connective tissue, adipose, dense Rigid bone,
cartilage)
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Fibroblasts produce fibers that anchor the
matrix Macrophages, mast cells- involved in
immune response What kind of fibers? collagen,
esp. in tendons and ligaments elastic fibers- in
stretchy parts of body reticular fibers
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Loose connective tissue
Underneath most epithelium Well vascularized
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Dense connective tissue
Tendons, ligaments, deep layers of skin Poorly
vascularized
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Adipose tissue
Energy storage, insulation, cushioning
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Cartilage Hyaline-associated with bones Elastic
cartilage- larynx, ears Fibrocartilage-
vertebrae, knees, pelvis
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Bone-matrix is mineralized
Well nourished nonetheless
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Membranes comprised of epithelium and connective
tissue (usu. loose) Cutaneous- outermost
membrane (skin) Serous- sealed body cavities
(thoracic, abdominal, etc.) Mucous- line
structures with access outside the body
(respiratory, digestive, repro- ductive Synovial
- between/within joints
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Blood- liquid matrix
Supportive, in a way Important for homeostasis
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Muscle is specialized for contraction Three
types- skeletal, smooth voluntary Differ in
distribution, mechanism of contraction and
regulation
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Skeletal muscle- voluntary, striated
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Smooth muscle- internal organs Involuntary, not
striated
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Cardiac muscle
Cells are branched and striated Involuntary
control
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Nervous tissue
Neurons, glial cells Neurons transmit electrical
signals Glial cells provide support functions
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Organs contain all the tissues Epithelium-
protective surface, absorption, secretion where
appropriate Connective tissue- hold organ
together Muscle (depending on organ)
whatever type of contraction or
movement Nervous- sensory and motor response