Sociological Research Methods

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Sociological Research Methods
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Wallace Wheel of Science
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• Theory
• Empirical Generalization Hypothesis
• Observation

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Theory

• Set of interrelated concepts about reality that
  explains, predicts, and can be tested
• E.G. Cosers theory derived from conflict and
  functionalist theories theory hypothesis

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Hypothesis

• Statement about the relationship between two
  variables
• Examples
• Conflict between groups increases the
  cohesiveness within groups
• Whats good for GM is good for America
• Blondes have more fun

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Characteristics of Hypotheses
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Observation Techniques

• 1. Participant observation

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• 2. Experimentation

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Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
(Sherman 1992)

• Rational choice theory deterrence theory
• H --Arresting an abuser decreases repeat abuse

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Recidivism Rate After One Year
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• 3. Survey research

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Validity

• Is this an accurate picture of reality?
• Social desirability?
• Its the randomness/representativeness that
  matters,
• Not the number of respondents

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4. Content Analysis

• Analysis of communication media

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5. Historical Sociological Research

• Different from historical research in that it
• Roger Finke and Rodney Starkes study of The
  Churching of America

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Why has religious adherence increased in the
U.S.?

• Use a free market, economic explanation
• Monopoly religions are lazy
• Greater competition leads to higher conversion
  and adherence levels

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• Test the hypothesis by examining different
  denominations to see if those that try harder
  have greater success (an increase in adherents)
• Try harder